成人而已,何分男女?——与王堃儒家“诗性伦理”商榷

Achieve Individual Subjectivity Only,What Is the Difference between Men and Women?Evaluating Wang Kun's Confucian Poetic Ethics

在对现代西方伦理学理论进行反思的基础上,王堃以领悟和体证前主体性的本源生活境域的思想姿态建构了儒家“诗性伦理”理论。在她看来,前主体性的本源生活境域乃是通过一种女性化的“诗性言说”来传达的,依托此女性化的“诗性言说”建构起了人的主体性内涵。故王堃将儒家伦理概括为“诗性伦理”,其内涵主要在于说明人的主体性乃是在前主体性的本源性情感涌动之中逐渐生成的。王堃又以“女性化”的“坤道”精神和理学家的“空阙”之思来阐述本源性的“诗性言说”的情感特质。进而她认为,这就为儒家女性主义思想的现代建构打开了通道,可以克服传统儒学那种女性“空阙”的情形。由此,王堃进一步对儒学作了一种女性化的现代诠释,得出了女性化的诗性言说创造了一切的结论。正是在这一创造性思考中实有矫枉过正之嫌。儒学现代性转换的中心任务是如何建构个体的主体性人格,这无关乎男女之别。大可不必因传统儒学女性的“空缺”而强行把儒学诠释为“女性”创造一切的基础。无论古今,男女当然有别,但这种“别”仅仅是形而下层面的日常生活中的一些具体事务中的区分,而与人的主体性建构层面无关。不过,“诗性伦理”从“仁爱”这种生活情感出发建构人之主体性和伦理规范的诠释思路是值得肯定的。如果说儒学的一个重要特征是主张人的道德义务和道德规范的正义性基础皆渊源于情感的话,将儒家伦理形态概括为“情义伦理”或许更为恰当。

On the basis of reflecting on the modern Western ethics theory,Wang Kun constructed the Confucian poetic ethics theory with the ideological attitude of understanding and experiencing the original life situation of pre-subjectivity.In her view,the original life situation of the former subjectivity is conveyed through a feminised poetic speech,which constructs the connotation of human subjectivity.Therefore,Wang Kun summarised Confucian ethics as poetic ethics,whose connotation mainly explains that human subjectivity is gradually generated in the original emotional surge of the former subjectivity.Wang Kun also elaborated on the emotional characteristics of the original poetic speech with the spirit of feminisation of Kun Dao and the thought of Kongque of neo-Confucianists.Furthermore,she believed that this opened the way for the modern construction of Confucian feminism and could overcome the vacancy of women in traditional Confucianism.As a result,Wang Kun further made a modern interpretation of feminism of Confucianism and concluded that feminised poetic discourse created everything.If one of the important characteristics of Confucianism is that the moral obligation of human beings and the justice basis of moral norms are derived from emotion,it may be more appropriate to generalise the Confucian ethical form as benevolence and righteousness ethics.