高速列车转向架区域积雪结冰数值仿真研究

Numerical Research of the Snow and Ice Accumulation in the Bogie Region of High-speed Train

高速列车在低温雨雪环境下运行时很容易在转向架区域形成积冰并严重劣化转向架动力学性能、威胁列车的运行安全。为了研究转向架区域的积冰过程,采用准瞬态的方法将积冰过程分成多个计算循环,每个计算循环由网格生成、流场计算、水滴和雪粒计算、转向架积冰和网格变形等组成,积冰过程采用基于壁面水膜流动的明冰模型。本研究中共进行三次计算循环,研究转向架各部件上水滴和雪粒的分布和收集系数,分析转向架各部件的积冰质量以及转向架积冰速率与时间的关系。研究结果表明,转向架区域的积冰主要分布在底部迎风面(构架底部、前后制动装置底部)、两侧垂向减振器和抗蛇行减振器、后制动装置、枕梁上表面以及前后轴箱等部件;构架、枕梁和前后制动装置上的积冰约占转向架总积冰质量的60%;三次计算循环中转向架区域总的积冰速率不断增大。

The ice is easy accretes in the bogie regions when the high-speed train runs in the low-temperature rain and snow environment,which can deteriorated the dynamic performance of the bogie and seriously threatened the train running safety.The quasi-transient method is used to study the icing process in the trailer bogie region of high-speed train.Icing process is divided into multiple computational cycles,which mainly include mesh generation,flow field calculation,water drop and snow calculation,ice accretion on bogies and mesh deformation in this quasi-transient method.The ice accretion process is simulate by the glaze ice model based on the wall water film flow.Three times of ice accumulation simulation are carried out.The distribution and collection coefficient of droplets and snow particles on each bogie component were studied.The ice mass of each bogie component and the relationship between the ice accretion rate and time were analyzed.The results showed that ice accretion in the bogie region is mainly distributed on the bogie bottom windward surface(bottom of the frame,bottom of the front and rear braking devices),vertical dampers and anti-yaw dampers on both sides of the bogie,rear braking devices,upper surface of the traction beam,axle box,etc.The ice accretion on the frame,traction beam,front and rear brake devices accounts for about 60%of the total ice mass of the bogie.The total ice accretion rate on the bogie region increased continuously during the three calculation cycles.