韩国器官移植法律框架下的脑死亡判定与管理研究

Research on Determination and Management of Brain Death Under the Legal Framework of South Korea's Organ Transplant Act

韩国自2000年正式实施《器官移植法》至今,已通过《器官移植法执行令》《器官移植法实施细则》等辅助法规构建起了比较完整的脑死亡判定标准与规范。韩国《器官移植法》中脑死亡概念采用“全脑死亡说”,但其脑死亡概念并不等同于一般法律意义上的死亡。韩国《器官移植法》中脑死亡的判定与管理架构包括3大方面:在管理机构方面,设置有器官移植伦理委员会、国家器官移植管理局、脑死亡认定机构等机构;在脑死亡认定操作规范方面,制定统一的医学判定标准,搭建“发起-判定-表决”脑死亡认定流程;在机构终止程序方面,明确相关机构停业与解散规则以及资料交接。韩国器官移植法律框架下的脑死亡判定与管理规范,可从立法目的、法秩序考量、具体标准与程序、辅助宣导措施等方面为我国脑死亡判定与管理的未来立法提供启示。

Since the official implement of the organ transplant act in 2000,South Korea has established a relatively complete brain death system through auxiliary regulations such as the organ transplant act and implementation rule of the organ transplantation act.The concept of brain death in South Korea's organ transplant act adopts the"whole brain death theory",but not equivalent to the death in general legal sense.The institutional framework for determining and managing brain death in South Korea's organ transplant act includes 3 aspects,in terms of management institutions,there are organ transplantation ethics committee,national organ transplant management agency and brain death recognition agency and other institutions,in terms of the operational norms of brain death determination,a unified criteria of brain death determination was formulated and a"initiation-determination-vote"brain death determination process was established,in terms of institution termination procedures,the specific regulations of suspension and dissolution and the date transfer system are clarified.The determination and management of brain death in South Korea's organ transplant act can provide useful reference for the future establishment of the determination and management of brain death in China from the aspects of legislative intent,consideration of legal order,specific standards and procedures,and auxiliary publicity measures.