危险化学品运输罐车通风换气数值模拟研究

Study on ventilation and air exchange of tanker for hazardous chemical transportation

罐车依靠人孔换气易发生安全事故。提出在罐内表面布置两根通风管道形成“一抽一送”实现换气循环的方法,根据布管方法分为换气方案一和方案二。对不同换气方案进行模拟,研究结果发现:自然换气方法只在人孔处有气体流动,安全性低,方案一和方案二在罐内形成较好的气流循环,能够实现换气。方案一采用150mm管径换气,罐内风速分布较为稳定,平均风速为0.778m/s,换气效果良好;方案二采用200mm管径换气,形成较好换气循环,罐内平均风速为0.675m/s,速度波动小,安全性高。

Tanker relies on manholes for ventilation,which easily accidents.A method of arranging two ventilation pipes on the inner surface of the tank to form"one suction and one delivery"to realize the ventilation cycle is proposed.According to the piping method,it is divided into ventilation scheme 1 and scheme 2.The simulation of different ventilation schemes shows that the natural ventilation method only has gas flow at the manhole,which is low in safety.Scheme 1 and scheme 2 form a better air circulation in the tank and can achieve ventilation.Scheme l uses a pipe with diameter of 150 mm for ventilation,and the distribution of wind speed in the tank is relatively stable.The average wind speed is 0.778 m/s,and the ventilation effect is good.It is 0.675 m/s,the speed fluctuation is small,and the safety level is high.