2018—2021年扬州市宝应县支原体肺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Baoying County,Yangzhou City,from 2018 to 2021

目的分析2018—2021年扬州市宝应县支原体肺炎的流行特征,为预防和控制支原体肺炎的流行提供参考依据。方法收集2018—2021年扬州市宝应县人民医院的669例肺炎支原体培养检测阳性结果的资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对支原体肺炎发病情况进行流行病学特征分析。结果2018—2021年扬州市宝应县发现支原体肺炎阳性人员669例,全年各月均有发生,有两个发病高峰期,主要集中在1月份及12月份,阳性者数占4年总阳性者数的31.09%;近4年年均阳性率为22.40/10万,总体呈现逐年下降的趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.90,P<0.001);男性阳性者数占4年总阳性者数的63.83%,女性为36.17%,男性阳性率略高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.84,P<0.001);阳性者中年龄以6岁及以下的学龄及学龄前儿童为主,占85.65%,随着年龄增长,支原体肺炎的阳性率下降,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=50.70,P<0.001)。结论扬州市宝应县支原体肺炎的发生有明显的时间、性别、年龄等的差异,对支原体肺炎患者的早发现、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗是阻断支原体肺炎传播的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia in Baoying County,Yangzhou City,from 2018 to 2021,and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic of mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods Collect the data of 669 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae culture and detection positive results in Yangzhou Baoying County People's Hospital from 2018 to 2021,and use descriptive epidemiologi⁃cal methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of mycoplasma pneumonia.Results From 2018 to 2021,669 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia positive people were found in Baoying County,Yangzhou City,which occurred in every month of the year,with two peak periods,mainly in January and December,accounting for 31.09%of the total positive cases in four years.The average annual positive rate in the past four years was 22.40/100000,showing a downward trend year by year,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=38.90,P<0.001).The positive rate of male was slightly higher than that of female,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.84,P<0.001).The positive rate of mycoplasma pneumonia decreased with the increase of age,and the difference was statisti⁃cally significant(χ^(2)=50.70,P<0.001).Conclusion There were significant differences in the occurrence of mycoplasma pneumonia by time,sex,and age in Baoying County,Yangzhou City.Early detection,diagnosis,isolation,and treatment of patients with mycoplasma pneumonia are the keys to interrupting the spread of mycoplasma pneumonia.