以天然多糖为基质构建口服蛋白质纳米粒子的研究进展

A review of oral protein nanoparticles constructed by natural polysaccharides

蛋白质和多肽等大分子物质在口服过程中易被消化道中的蛋白酶分解,许多学者设想通过制备纳米递送载体包载大分子蛋白质以提高其生物利用度。天然多糖,如壳聚糖、淀粉等是来自于植物、动物、微生物等的大分子物质,具有无毒、化学结构可修饰、良好的血液相容性和生物降解性等优点,与活细胞之间具有广泛相互作用,并能够延长蛋白质类活性物质在胃肠道中的滞留时间,有效提高其生物利用度。因此,天然多糖作为基质在口服蛋白质纳米载体的制备和应用中具有不可替代的优势。该文主要介绍了以天然多糖为基质的口服蛋白质纳米粒子的制备方法、影响纳米粒子稳定性的主要因素、常用于制备纳米载体的天然多糖及其应用以及天然多糖与其他载体相比的优势,旨在为口服大分子蛋白质类生物活性物质递送载体的开发提供理论依据。

The macromolecules such as proteins and peptides are easily decomposed by protease in the digestive tract,many scholars encapsulate protein by preparing nano-delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of proteins.Natural polysaccharides such as chitosan and starch are macromolecules derived from natural sources,such as plants,microorganisms,and animals.Natural polysaccharides have the advantages of non-toxicity,chemical structure modifiability,and good blood compatibility and biodegradability.They have extensive interactions with living cells,can prolong the resistance time of protein in the gastrointestinal tract,and effectively improve its bioavailability.Therefore,natural polysaccharides as substrates have irreplaceable advantages in the preparation and application of oral protein nano-carrier.This paper mainly introduced the preparation methods of polysaccharide-based oral protein nanoparticles,the main factors affecting the stability of nanoparticles,the commonly used natural polysaccharides for nano-carrier preparation,and their unique advantages compared with other carriers.This paper aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the development of oral delivery carriers of macromolecular protein bioactive substances.