对位芳纶纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其应用研究进展

Research progress on preparation and application for para-aramid nanofibers aerogels

气凝胶通常是指内部充满气体介质,外部为固体骨架,空间呈三维网络结构且由纳米聚合物链组成的多孔材料,由于其超低的密度、超高的孔隙率、超大的孔体积和超高比表面积等结构特点使气凝胶在催化、储能、环保、保温等领域得到了广泛的应用。对位芳纶纳米纤维(ANFs)是近年来开发的一种新型高分子纳米纤维材料,它既保留了宏观对位芳纶纤维的结构特性与优异的机械性能和热稳定性,同时,其独特的纳米尺度形态又赋予其新颖的物理化学特性,使其成为构建高性能复合材料极具潜力的“增强构筑单元”,将对位芳纶以纳米纤维的形式制成气凝胶材料,有望拓宽对位芳纶下游产品的应用范围。系统介绍了ANFs气凝胶的发展以及特性,归纳了ANFs气凝胶的主要制备方法,介绍了ANFs气凝胶在隔热材料、复合增强材料、吸附过滤等方面的应用,并对ANFs未来发展可能面临的挑战进行了展望。

Aerogels are usually porous materials composed of a three-dimensional network structure of nano-polymer chains with an internal gas-filled medium and an external solid skeleton.They are widely used in the fields of catalysis,energy storage,environmental protection and thermal insulation due to their ultra-low density,ultra-high porosity,large pore volume and ultra-high specific surface area.Para-aramid Nanofibers(ANFs)are a new type of polymeric nanofiber material developed in recent years.They retain the structural properties,excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability,meanwhile their unique nanoscale morphology gives them novel physicochemical properties,making them a highly promising“reinforcing building block”for building high-performance composites.The use of para-aramid as an aerogel material in the form of nanofibers is expected to broaden the scope of application of downstream products of para-aramid.This paper systematically introduced the development as well as the properties of ANFs aerogels,summarized the main preparation methods of ANFs aerogels,described the applications of ANFs aerogels in thermal insulation materials,composite reinforcement materials,adsorption and filtration,and discussed the possible challenges that ANFs might face in the future development.