国产化酚醛纤维在不同橡胶基绝热材料上的应用

Application of homemade phenolic fiber in different elastomer-based insulations

为实现高性能有机酚醛纤维在热防护材料上的应用,初步探索了酚醛纤维在不同橡胶基绝热材料上的应用,制备了酚醛纤维复合的丁腈绝热层(NBR/PF10)、三元乙丙绝热层(EPDM/PF10)、聚磷腈绝热层(PDPP/PF10)和硅橡胶绝热层(Silicone/PF10);通过热失重分析、万能拉力试验机、SEM、氧-乙炔烧蚀方法等研究了4种绝热层的耐热性能、硫化特性、力学性能、与铝片之间的粘接性能以及耐烧蚀性能。结果表明:PDPP/PF10具有最优异的耐热性能和耐烧蚀性能;NBR/PF10拉伸强度最高,与铝片粘接性能较强;Silicone/PF10强度较低,粘接性能较弱,且烧蚀炭层脱落严重;EPDM/PF10加工性能优异,但耐烧蚀性能较差。酚醛纤维优异的瞬时耐高温性有望在柔性橡胶基绝热材料尤其是在NBR绝热层和PDPP绝热层上实现耐烧蚀纤维填料的应用。

In order to realize the application of the high performance organic phenolic fiber in thermal protection materials,phenolic fiber-based ethylene-propylene-diene monomer insulation(EPDM/PF10),nitrile butadiene rubber insulation(NBR/PF10),poly(diaryloxyphosphazene)insulation(PDPP/PF10),and silicone insulation(Silicone/PF10)were prepared to preliminarily explore the application of phenolic fiber in different elastomer-based insulations.The thermal stability,vulcanization,mechanical properties,adhesive strength with Al,and ablative properties of these four insulations were studied by means of TGA,SEM,universal testing machine,and oxy-acetylene testing.The result showed that PDPP/PF10 had the best thermal stability and ablation resistance.NBR/PF10 had the highest tensile strength and strong bonding performance with aluminum sheet.Silicone/PF10 had lower strength and weaker adhesion performance,and the ablated charred layer was seriously shed.EPDM/PF10 had excellent processing performance,whereas exhibited poor ablation resistance.The excellent instantaneous high temperature resistance of phenolic fiber was expected to be applied as ablation-resistant fiber fillers in flexible elastomer-based insulations,especially in NBR insulation layer and PDPP insulation layer.