基于农业废弃物纤维素的新型复合吸水材料的制备及应用

Preparation and application of new superabsorbent composite based on agricultural waste cellulose

以小麦秸秆纤维素(WSC)、红土(LA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为主要原料,采用自由基聚合法制备了一种低价、环保型的WSC-g-P(AA-co-AM)/LA复合吸水材料。通过红外光谱分析(FT-IR)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等物理表征对其结构及形貌进行了分析。探究了不同反应条件对材料吸液性能的影响,并对其保水性能进行了测试。结果表明:该复合吸水材料具有良好的吸水性能(蒸馏水790g/g,自来水290g/g, 0.9%NaCl溶液95g/g)。探讨了土壤类型、材料粒径及含量对土壤中水分蒸发速率的影响,结果表明其在沙漠地区具有较好的应用前景。

Using wheat straw cellulose(WSC),laterite(LA),acrylic acid(AA)and acrylamide(AM)as the main raw materials,a low-cost,environmentally friendly superabsorbent composite WSC-g-P(AA-co-AM)/LA was prepared by free radical polymerization.Its structure and morphology were analyzed by physical characterization such as infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effects of different reaction conditions on the liquid absorption properties of superabsorbent composites were explored,and their water retention properties were tested.The results showed that WSC-g-P(AA-co-AM)/LA had good water absorption properties(790g/g for distilled water,for tap water,and 95g/g for 0.9%NaCl solution).The effects of soil type,particle size and content on soil water evaporation rate were also investigated,and the results demonstrated that it had a good application prospect in desert areas.