牛蒡根性能的本草考证及传统食疗应用探析

Herbal Textual Research on the Performance and Traditional Dietotherapy Application of Arctium Lappa Root

牛蒡根在我国传统医疗及食疗实践中有着广泛的应用,也是目前国家公布的“可用于保健食品的中药”之一。但传统本草文献中记录的“牛蒡”药用部位为果实,对牛蒡根的记载则散见或混于文献的部分语句中,不利于应用和解读。经梳理及考证,牛蒡根始载于《名医别录》,又称恶实根、鼠粘子根等,“苦,寒,无毒”,其功能主治可以总结为“祛风热,消肿毒。治风毒面肿,头晕,咽喉热肿,热毒齿痛,咳嗽,消渴,痈疽疮疥,风湿痹痛,症瘕积块”。自唐代开始,牛蒡根就有着广泛的食疗应用,主要用法是作饭食、做牛蒡粥;宋代开始作菜食用,称为牛菜;明代有了牛蒡酒的记载;现代牛蒡根则有炖肉等食疗应用。

Arctium lappa root is widely used in traditional medicine and diet therapy in China,and it is also one of the traditional Chi-nese medicine for health food published by the national health commission.However,the medicinal part of Arctium lappa recorded in the traditional herbal literature is fruit,and the record of Arctium lappa root is scattered or mixed in some sentences of the literature,which is not conducive to application and interpretation.Through carding and textual research,it is believed that Arctium lappa root was first recorded in the Separated Records of Famous Doctors,also known as the root of evil fruit and the root of rat mucus.It tastes bit-ter,cold and nontoxic.Its efficacy can be summarized as dispelling wind and heat,relieving swelling and detoxication.Its effect are mainly to treat apoplexy,wind toxin facial oedema,dizziness,throat heat swelling,heat toxin toothache,cough,consumptive thirst,ab-scess,deep-rooted ulcer,scabies,wind dampness joint impediment pain disorders,abdominal masses.Since the Tang dynasty,Arc-tium lappa root has been widely used in dietotherapy,mainly for food and Arctium lappa porridge.In the Song dynasty,Arctium lappa root began to be used as a dish,which is called beef dish.In the Ming Dynasty,Arctium lappa wine was recorded.In modern times,Arctium lappa root has been used in diet therapy such as stew.