谭献《复堂词序》再读解——从程千帆先生的读解说起

A Reinterpretation of Tan Xian's Preface to Fu Tang Ci:A Study from Mr.Cheng Qianfan's Interpretation

程千帆先生《〈复堂词序〉试释》一文认为谭献截取周邦彦和辛弃疾三首词中的四句,是希望填词者领会“透过一层”的表现方法,并对这种表现方法的机制和特点作了细致分析。程先生所论还有进一步展开的空间,比如在词学史上谁先关注到这种表现方法及这种表现方法的复杂性等。程先生认为谭献此序与“比兴”无关,又认为谭献批评项鸿祚“知二五而未知十”是因为项氏对词的价值和技巧不够重视,其观点尚可商榷。其实《复堂词序》希望填词者“消息”的周、辛词句和对项鸿祚“知二五而未知十”的批评,都体现着谭献“比兴柔厚“”忠爱缠绵”的论词宗旨。

In his essay“An Attempted Interpretation of Preface to Fu Tang Ci”(《〈复堂词序〉试释》),Mr.Cheng Qianfan argued that Tan Xian selected four lines from the three poems of Zhou Bangyan and Xin Qiji,for the reason that he expected the lyricists would understand the method of“penetrating through a layer”.He also provided a detailed analysis on the mechanism and characteristics of this method.Mr.Cheng's analysis left room for further exploration,such as investigating who first paid attention to this method in the history of poetry studies and exploring the complexity of this artistic expression.Mr.Cheng argued that Tan Xian's preface was not related to Bi Xing(比兴,the art of metaphorical expression) and disagreed with Tan Xian's criticism of Xiang Hongzuo,claiming that Xiang did not sufficiently value the worth and skills of poetry.This viewpoint is open to discussion.In fact,Preface to Fu Tang Ci reflected Tan Xian's poetic philosophy of“softness and depth in Bi Xing”and the principles of“loyalty,love,and lingering emotions”in lyricism through his selection of poetry verses by Zhou and Xin and his critique of Xiang Hongzuo's limited understanding of poetry.