六朝送别诗考述——以建康诗为中心

An Examination of the Farewell Poetry of the Six Dynasties:A Focus on the Poetry of Jiankang

汉晋诗歌中的送别内容还有些是依附于赠答等诗歌体裁。六朝时期,诗歌中对送别的抒写已不再依附于赠答等题材,而成为真正独立的诗歌门类,以五言新体为主要体裁。建康作为都城是文士集中地,迎来送往频繁,故此地送别诗最为兴盛,对建康送别诗的详细考述可大体了解六朝送别诗的特征。六朝送别诗中送者所作远多于别者,送别诗中往往关合离别地、目的地以及送别双方,这些规律和特点亦为唐代送别诗所继承。对六朝送别诗的探究亦为六朝诗歌、唐代送别诗以及六朝文学地理等研究提供某些基础。

In the poetry of the Han and Jin dynasties,some farewell themes were expressed within the context of farewell correspondence and other poetic forms.However,during the Six Dynasties period,the depiction of farewells in poetry evolved into an independent poetic category,no longer confined to the theme of farewell correspondence.The main poetic form used was the five-character regulated verse(五言新体).Jiankang,as the capital city and a gathering place for literati,experienced frequent comings and goings,causing farewell poetry to flourishing there.A detailed examination of the farewell poetry from Jiankang can provide a general understanding of the characteristics of farewell poetry during the Six Dynasties.In the farewell poetry of the Six Dynasties,those who were sending off others wrote far more frequently than those who were being bid farewell.The poems often encompassed both the departure location and the destination,as well as the individuals involved in the farewell,a pattern and feature that were inherited by the farewell poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Exploring the farewell poetry of the Six Dynasties also lays a certain foundation for the study of Six Dynasties poetry,Tang Dynasty farewell poetry,and the literary geography of the Six Dynasties.