身体史视角下的中国古代女性卫生行为研究

A Study of the Hygienic Behaviors of Ancient Chinese Women from the Perspective of the History of the Body

清代的大型女性类书《奁史》中记载了中国古代女性洗浴、熏染、遮蔽等卫生行为。从医疗社会史的角度来看,这些女性卫生行为是古人清洁卫生、身体保健理念的呈现。从身体史的角度来看,这些卫生行为又是男性对女性身体进行的规训——男性以自己的审美标准“凝视”“塑造”女性的身体。古代女性为了迎合男性审美,只得接受男性的规训,并将其内化为自己对身体的要求。

The large-scale female-focused book of the Qing Dynasty,Lian Shi(奁史),recorded various hygiene practices of ancient Chinese women,including bathing,fumigation,and concealment.From the perspective of medical and social history,these female hygiene practices reflected the ancient people's concepts of cleanliness,health,and body care.However,from the perspective of the history of the body,these hygiene practices can also be seen as a form of male discipline imposed on women's bodies.Men,according to their own aesthetic standards,“gaze”and“shape”women's bodies.Ancient women,in order to conform to male aesthetics,had no choice but to accept male discipline and internalize it as their own expectations for their bodies.