非同一性的拯救——论阿多诺的“星丛”理论

The Salvation of Non-identity——On Adorno's Constellation Theory

在本雅明“星丛说”的影响之下,“星丛”理论贯穿于阿多诺的哲学、美学、伦理学、文学批评等理论著述之中,与“非同一”“模仿”等概念一起成为阿多诺理论的核心关键词。阿多诺对本雅明的“星丛说”加以改造,赋予其更丰富的理论内涵,这与阿多诺对主客体的理论阐述、对同一性的批判、对概念的批判等观点息息相关。“星丛”理论体现出阿多诺的双重努力:一方面,他极力批判主体和理性的僭越所导致的主体中心主义和概念同一性;另一方面,他尝试构建不同于传统哲学的主客体关系以及概念之间的星丛,试图依靠主体和理性自身的力量拯救非同一性,并在勋伯格的音乐、贝克特的戏剧以及卡夫卡的小说中找到“星丛”的理想范例。

Under the influence of Benjamin's constellation theory,which runs through Adorno's philosophy,aesthetics,ethics,literary criticism and other theoretical writings,and together with the concepts of nonidentity and mimesis,it becomes the core keyword of Adorno's theory.Adorno transformed Benjamin's constellation theory and endowed it with richer theoretical connotations,which is closely related to Adorno's theoretical exposition of the subject and object,criticism of identity,and criticism of concepts.It is through the “constellation” theory that relects Adorno's dual efforts:on the one hand,he strongly criticizes the subjective centralism and conceptual identity which caused by the superfluous subject and rationality;on the other hand,he tries to construct the relationship between the subject and object and the constellation between concepts which are different from traditional philosophy.He tries to rely on the power of the subject and the ration to save the non-identity and find examples of constellation in Schoenberg's music,Beckett's plays,and Kafka's novels.