园林废弃物混菌堆腐方法及其产物对泥炭的替代效果研究

Study on composting method of green waste and its potential in replacing peat

为探究接种混合菌株对园林废弃物堆腐的影响,及其产物对植物栽培基质中泥炭的替代效果,选取黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)和康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii)作为供试菌株开展试验。首先,进行两种菌的共生兼容性测试和混菌接种时序优化;然后,针对堆腐中的含水率、接菌量、菌种比例,分别通过单因素试验和响应面分析进行优化,得到最优条件,并在此条件下堆腐,测定堆体温度,以及营养成分和种子发芽指数的变化;最后,将堆腐产物与泥炭按不同比例混合,用于绿萝栽培,培养30 d后,测定其对植株生长和叶绿素含量的影响。结果显示,先接种黄孢原毛平革菌3 d后再接种康氏木霉能提升纤维素降解率和木质素降解率。经过优化的最优发酵条件为含水率60%,接菌量15%,康氏木霉与黄孢原毛平革菌的菌种比例1.1∶2。在此条件下,木质素降解率和纤维素降解率分别达到28.37%、31.56%。堆腐过程中,添加混菌的试验组较不加菌的对照先完成堆腐,且其堆体中的总腐殖酸、碱解氮、有效磷含量均更高,种子发芽指数也更早达到标准要求。与其他处理相比,将泥炭、蛭石与加菌堆腐产物以5∶3∶2的比例混合的基质,更适于种植绿萝,植物的株高、根长、生物量、叶绿素含量更高。综上,向园林废弃物中添加康氏木霉和黄孢原毛平革菌进行发酵,可以更快地实现腐熟,提高堆腐效率和产物质量。将泥炭、蛭石、加菌堆腐产物以5∶3∶2的比例混合,可用于绿萝栽培,并减少泥炭消耗量。

To reveal the effect of inoculation of strains on composting of green waste and test the potential of composting product in the substrate for plant cultivation instead of peat,Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma koningii were selected as test materials.Firstly,compatibility experiment and inoculation timing were carried out to optimize the inoculation sequence.Then,the water content,inoculation amount and ratios of strains were optimized by single-factor experiments and surface response analysis.Under the optimized conditions,the green waste was composted,and the dynamics of temperature,nutrients and seed germination index were determined throughout the process.Finally,the compost products were mixed with peat to test its potential in the cultivation of Epipremnum aureum.After 30 d,the influence on plant growth and chlorophyll content was measured.It was shown that inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium first and Trichoderma koningii 3 days later could enhance the lignin and cellulose degradation rate.The optimized composting conditions were as follows:the water content was 60%,the inoculation amount was 15%,the ratio of Trichoderma koningii to Phanerochaete chrysosporium was 1.1∶2.Under these conditions,the degradation rate of lignin and cellulose reached 28.37%and 31.56%,respectively.During composting,the experiment group with inoculation of strains completed first,and the contents of total humic acid,available nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher,as well as the seed germination index met the standard requirement earlier.Compared with the other designs,when peat,vermiculite and compost products were mixed with the ratio of 5∶3∶2,it promoted plant growth,as the plant height,root length,biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content were higher.In general,composting of green waste with inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma koningii could get mature faster and improve the quality of product.Mixture of peat,vermiculite and compost products by the ratio of 5∶3∶2 could be used as the substrate for plant cultivation and reduce peat consumption.