施用腐殖酸复合肥对高寒地区大棚葡萄土壤养分及果实品质的影响

Effects of Humic Acid Compound Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Grape Qualities in Greenhouse of Cold Area

为了探索施用腐殖酸复合肥在高寒地区对葡萄品种‘夏黑’和‘无核白鸡心’果实品质的影响以及施肥后土壤理化指标的变化,在大棚栽培条件下,从葡萄开花前采用栽植沟内冲施3000倍液腐殖酸肥的方法,每30 d 1次,共4次,调查其对葡萄植株根系周边土壤主要指标及果实品质的影响。结果表明,‘夏黑’葡萄施用腐殖酸肥后较施肥前,其根系周边土壤的水解性氮含量减少5.7%,对照清水处理后较处理前减少13.5%,施肥处理较对照提升了7.8百分点;施用腐殖酸肥后较施肥前有效磷含量增加9.1%,对照清水处理后较处理前增加4.8%,施肥处理较对照提升了4.3百分点;施用腐殖酸肥后较施肥前速效钾含量增加3.1%,对照清水处理后较处理前增加2.6%,施肥处理较对照提升了0.5百分点。施用腐殖酸肥后较施肥前水溶性盐含量减少82.4%,对照清水处理后较处理前减少50.0%,施肥处理较对照相差32.4百分点,降盐效果明显;土壤pH也略有下降,施用腐殖酸肥后较施肥前从7.7降到7.4。施用腐殖酸复合肥后,‘夏黑’葡萄的粒重、穗重、可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加13.09%、13.29%和13.11%,对提升葡萄果实品质有比较明显的积极作用。‘无核白鸡心’葡萄施用腐殖酸复合肥后较施肥前,根系周边土壤的有机质含量比对照提升了1.9个百分点,‘无核白鸡心’葡萄的粒重、穗重、可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加15.20%、10.16%、1.70%,对提升果实品质也有明显的积极作用。

In order to explore the effect of applying humic acid compound fertilizer on the fruit quality of grape varieties'Summer Black'and'Seedless White Chicken Heart'in high and cold regions,as well as the changes in soil physicochemical indicators after fertilization,under greenhouse cultivation conditions,3000 times of liquid humic acid fertilizer was applied in the planting ditch before grape flowering,once every 30 days,a total of 4 times,to investigate its impact on the main soil indicators and fruit quality around the grape plant root system.The results showed that after applying humic acid fertilizer to'Summer Black'grape,the content of hydrolytic nitrogen in the soil around its root sy stem decreased by 5.7%compared to before fertilization.After treatment with clean water,the content decreased by 13.5%compared to before treatment,and the fertilization treatment increased by 7.8 percentage points compared to the control;After applying humic acid fertilizer,the effective phosphorus content increased by 9.1%compared to before fertilization,increased by 4.8%compared to before treatment after water treatment,and increased by 4.3 percentage points compared to the control;After applying humic acid fertilizer,the content of available potassium increased by 3.1%compared to before fertilization,while the control water treatment increased by 2.6%compared to before treatment.The fertilization treatment increased by 0.5 percentage points compared to the control.After applying humic acid fertilizer,the water-soluble salt content decreased by 82.4%compared to before fertilization,and the control water treatment decreased by 50.0%compared to before treatment.The difference in fertilizer treatment compared to the control was 32.4 percentage points,indicating a significant salt reduction effect;The soil pH also slightly decreased,and after applying humic acid fertilizer,it decreased from 7.7 to 7.4 compared to before fertilization.After applying humic acid compound fertilizer,the grain weight,ear weight,and soluble solid content of'Summer Black'grape increased by 13.09%,13.29%,and 13.11%compared to the control,respectively,which has a significant positive effect on improving the quality of grape fruit‘After applying humic acid compound fertilizer to the seedless white chicken heart grape,the organic matter content in the soil around the root system increased by 1.9 percentage points compared to the control.The grain weight,ear weight,and soluble solid content of the seedless white chicken heart grape increased by 15.20%,10.16%,and 1.70%respectively compared to the control,which also had a significant positive effect on improving fruit quality.