昙曜五窟佛像发式的“云冈模式”及其影响

“Yungang Pattern”of the Hairstyle in Buddha Statues of Tanyao Five Caves and Its Influence

昙曜五窟作为跨文化时代背景下开凿的中国早期佛教石窟,其艺术风格受鲜卑游牧文化、河西文化、中原汉族文化、西域犍陀罗文化的综合影响。昙曜五窟佛教造像之发型样式主要可分为水波纹发、磨光肉髻及丝发三类,是为中国早期官造佛像发式的基本形态。佛像发型样式的“云冈模式”之成形与发展,对诸如龙门石窟、麦积山石窟等中国古代各地石窟佛教造像的发型样式产生了深远影响。

The Tanyao Five Caves are early Chinese Buddhist grottoes excavated under the background of cross-cultural era,and their artistic style is influenced by the comprehensive influence of Xianbei nomadic culture,Hexi culture,Han culture and Western Gandhara culture.The hair styles of Buddhist statues in Tanyao Caves can be divided into three categories:wavy hair,polished bun hair and silk hair,which are the basic hairstyles for the early official Buddha statues in China.The formation and development of Yungang pattern of Buddha’s hair style has had a profound influence on the hair styles of Buddhist statues in ancient China,such as Longmen Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes.