近古哲学本体论与郝经的文学批评

Ontology of Late Ancient Times Philosophy and Hao Jing’s Literary Criticism

中国学术发展到宋元时的一个重要变化,即是理学的兴起和儒学的本体化。理学汲取佛、道的本体思辨与认识方法,将“理”看作世界的本源和根本规律,由此也深刻影响到文学批评,使之开始由感悟象喻式批评转向本体思辨批评。元初著名理学家、文学家郝经即突出体现了这一特点,其“文道论”“文法论”便是藉此思维得以超越前人的系统建构,不仅在批评史上影响颇大,也是当代文论建设重要的理论资源。

The rise of Neo-Confucianism and ontology of philosophy was an important change from the Song and Yuan dynasties.Neo-Confucianism absorbed the ontological thinking and cognitive methods of Buddhism and Daoism,and regarded“Reason”as the origin and fundamental law of the world,which also profoundly affected literary criticism and made it turn from metaphorical criticism to ontological speculative criticism.Hao Jing,a famous Neo-Confucianist and litterateur in the early Yuan Dynasty,highlighted this feature,and his“Theory of Wen and Dao”and“Theory of Grammar”based on it transcended predecessors’systematic construction,which not only had a great influence on the history of criticism,but also was an important resource for the construction of contemporary literary theory.