内蒙古耕地景观生态风险评价及生态修复分区

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Ecological Restoration Zoning of Cultivated Land in Inner Mongolia,China

诊断识别耕地面临的生态风险是开展耕地生态修复、保障耕地生态安全的先决条件。以“自然-社会-景观”多维度空间量化内蒙古耕地景观生态风险影响因子,通过空间主成分分析法完成耕地景观生态风险综合评价,以及各影响因子权重的量化;基于评价结果,分析生态风险空间聚集特征,识别生态修复重点区域并提出修复对策。结果表明:①内蒙古耕地景观生态风险是多因素共同影响的结果,耕地景观破碎化、工矿污染、水资源胁迫和生境质量差是主要的生态问题。②耕地斑块分布集中、局部斑块面积大且完整、或沿河流分布时,其景观生态风险较低;耕地斑块分布零散、局部斑块破碎或处于大面积耕地的边缘时,其景观生态风险较高。③耕地景观生态风险低值显著聚集于嫩江流域、西辽河流域、河套平原以及土默川平原西部,是显著的冷点区域;高值显著聚集于内蒙古南部,是显著的热点区域。将热点区域划定为重点修复区,建议实施耕地破碎化整治、农田生态基础设施建设、节水灌溉工程建设、退耕还林还草等生态修复工程;不显著区域划定为农田保育区,重点加强农田生态基础设施建设,扩大农业空间植被覆盖率;冷点区域划定为农业发展区,主要发展绿色农业,推进种养结合。

Diagnosing and identifying the ecological risks of cultivated land is a critical prerequisite for carrying out ecological restoration and ensuring ecological security of cultivated land.The influence factors of landscape ecological risk of cultivated land in Inner Mongolia were quantified by multi-dimensional perspective of“nature-society-landscape”,the comprehensive landscape ecological risk of cultivated land was evaluated using spatial principal component analysis(SPCA),and the weight of each impact factor was quantified;based on evaluation results,the spatial aggregation characteristics of ecological risks,which was later used to identify the key areas of ecological restoration,were identified,and the restoration countermeasure was put forward.The results show that①the landscape ecological risk of cultivated land in Inner Mongolia is driven by multiple factors,cultivated landscape fragmentation,mining pollution,water resources stress and poor habitat quality are the major ecological risks.②The ecological risk is lower at the region,where the distribution of cultivated land is concentrated and the cultivated land patches are large and unbroken,or along the river;conversely,the ecological risk is higher at the region,where the cultivated land is scattered and the cultivated land patches are small or at the edge of the large area patches.③There is a significant spatial aggregation of landscape ecological risks of cultivated land in Inner Mongolia with cold spot areas distributing at Nenjiang River Basin,Xiliaohe River Basin,Hetao Plain and Tumochuan Plain,while the hot spot areas distributing at the south of Inner Mongolia.The hot spot areas are diagnosed as the key ecological restoration zones,where ecological restoration projects,including remediating farmland fragmentation,constructing farmland ecological infrastructure,constructing water-saving irrigation infrastructure,and returning farmland to forest or grassland,are recommended;the cold spot areas are diagnosed as agricultural development zones,where is suggested to develop green agriculture and promote the combination of planting and farming;other areas are diagnosed as farmland conservation areas,where is recommended to strengthen the construction of farmland ecological infrastructure and expand the vegetation coverage in agricultural space.