十二烷基三甲基氯化铵的催化合成研究

Catalytic Synthesis of Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride

采用高压釜反应器,以十二烷基二甲基叔胺(以下简称“12叔胺”)和一氯甲烷为原料,研究了12叔胺和一氯甲烷的最佳摩尔比。并在不同反应温度和反应时间条件下,以碳酸钠、硼氢化钠和氢氧化钠等为催化剂,对比合成十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(以下简称“1231”)的叔胺转化率和产品色泽。得到了叔胺转化率和产品色泽与反应时间和反应温度的关系曲线。结果表明:当原料摩尔比n(一氯甲烷)︰n(12叔胺)=1.02︰1时,以碳酸钠为催化剂,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,得到产品的色泽和和叔胺转化率最佳,色泽小于20 Hazen,叔胺转化率达99.5%,游离胺相对阳离子活性物的质量分数小于0.3%。

The optimum molar ratio of dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine(Hereinafter referred to as:12 tertiary amine)and methyl chloride was studied in a high pressure reactor.Under different reaction temperature and reaction time conditions,using sodium carbonate,sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide as catalysts,the tertiary amine conversion and color of the synthesis of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(Hereinafter referred to as:1231)were compared.The relationship curves of tertiary amine conversion and product color with reaction time and temperature were obtained.The results showed that when the molar ratio of raw materials n(chloroform)to n(12 tertiary amine)was 1.02∶1,sodium carbonate was used as the catalyst,the reaction temperature was 80℃,and the reaction time was 4 hours.The product had the best color and tertiary amine conversion rate,with a color less than 20 Hazen,a tertiary amine conversion rate of 99.5%,and a relative mass fraction of free amine to cationic active substance of less than 0.3%.