5种常用病毒灭活剂的应用概述

Overview of Five Frequently Used Virus Inactivators

病毒灭活是利用物理或化学方法使病毒失去感染性的过程。病毒的灭活效率常受到病毒特性、灭活剂种类、灭活目的等多个因素的影响。通常病毒特性和病毒灭活后的用途决定了灭活剂的选择,疫苗研制需病毒完全灭活的同时保持病毒保护性抗原表位结构完整,以诱导有效的宿主免疫反应;分子生物学检测则需要病毒基因组完整等。因此选择适宜的灭活剂对高致病性病原进行灭活是病原分子诊断、血清学分析以及疫苗开发等后续工作的重要保障。目前越来越多的病毒灭活剂被开发和利用,本文选择5种实际工作中常用的化学类病毒灭活剂:甲醛(Formaldehyde)、β-丙内酯(β-propiolactone)、胍基离序盐(Guanidium based chao-tropicsalts)、补骨脂素(Psoralen)、过氧化氢(Hydrogenperoxide),对其灭活机理、病毒灭活特点以及灭活病毒在后续工作中的应用进行如下概述。

Virus inactivation is the process of using physical or chemical methods to make the virus lose infectivity.The virus inactivation efficiency is often affected by many factors,such as virus characteristics,types of inactivators and the aims of inactivation.The selection of inactivators is usually determined by the characteristics of the virus and its use after inactivation.Vaccine development requires complete inactivation of the virus while maintaining the integrity of the viral protective antigen epitope structure to induce an effective host immune response.Molecular biological detection requires complete viral genome integrity.Therefore,selecting appropriate inactivators to inactivate highly pathogenic pathogens is an important guarantee for subsequent work such as pathogen molecular diagnosis,serological analysis,and vaccine development.At present,more and more virus inactivators are being developed and utilized.In this paper,5 chemical virus inactivators frequently used are selected,namely formaldehyde,β-propiolactone,guanidium based chaotropic salts,psoralen,hydrogen peroxide,the inactivation mechanism and inactivation characteristics of the aboved virus inactivators,along with the application of inactivated virus are summarized as follows.