2016和2019年北京市居民食品营养标签认知变化

The changes of knowledge and behaviors related to food nutrition label among residents in Beijing between 2016 and 2019

目的了解北京市居民对食品标签和营养标签相关知识、行为的变化。方法采用方便抽样法,用自行设计的调查问卷,于2016和2019年分别对年满15周岁,能够自主采买食品的居民进行调查。以2020年北京市人口普查数据为标准人口,采用直接标准化法对数据进行年龄和性别标准化处理后进行比较。结果调查对象对食品标签的关注度从2016年的45.38%增加到2019年的71.81%。对生产日期和保质期的关注度较高,2019年分别为65.55%和56.76%,高于2016年的43.06%和37.21%;对食品添加剂和生产原料的关注度较低,2019年分别为34.66%和30.19%,高于2016年的18.11%和16.43%。2016年有17.89%的调查对象一般会根据标签上的标注选择食品,2019年为28.67%。2019年调查对象了解营养成分表、完全能看懂营养成分表、知道NRV%意思的比例分别为23.30%、14.96%和34.41%,均高于2016年的10.17%、3.13%和13.92%。在强制标示内容方面对蛋白质的关注度较高,2019年为50.41%,高于2016年的29.35%;对钠的关注度最低,2019年为16.34%,高于2016年的7.42%。结论北京市居民对于标签和营养标签的知晓率有所增加,但仍然较低,今后还应继续加大宣传力度。

Objective To understand the changes of knowledge and behaviors related to food labels and nutrition labels among residents in Beijing.Methods A convenience sampling method and a self-designed questionnaire survey were used to investigate the residents who were aged 15 or older and could buy food independently in 2016 and 2019,respectively.After taking the 2020 Beijing Census data as standard population,a direct standardization method was adopted to standardize the age and gender,the changes of knowledge and behaviors related to food labels and nutrition labels were compared.Results The respondents’attention to food labels increased from 45.38%in 2016 to 71.81%in 2019.More attention were paid to date of production and date of expiration,and the rates in 2019(65.55%and 56.76%)were higher than that in 2016(43.06%and 37.21%).Less attention were paid to food additives and raw materials,the rates in 2019(34.66%and 30.19%)were higher than that in 2016(18.11%and 16.43%).In 2016,17.89%of respondents generally chose food based on the label,while 28.67%in 2019.In 2019,the proportions of respondents who understood the nutrition facts list,who fully understood the nutrition facts list,and who knew the meaning of NRV%(23.30%,14.96%and 34.41%)were higher than that in 2016(10.17%,3.13%and 13.92%).In terms of mandatory labeling content,more attention were paid to protein,the rate in 2019(50.41%)was higher than that in 2016(29.35%).Sodium received the least attention,the rate in 2019(16.34%)was higher than that in 2016(7.42%).Conclusions The awareness rates of labeling and nutrition labeling of Beijing residents have been increased,but they are still low.More efforts should be made to publicize the labeling in future.