基于复杂网络的欧洲航空公司网络特征分析

Analysis of network characteristics of European airlines based on complex network

为探究区域层级的航线网络特征与演变,以汉莎航空和瑞安航空在欧盟区域内的航线网络为研究对象,运用复杂网络理论从航空公司角度构建航线网络模型,分析网络的拓扑结构特性,不仅对同一航空公司不同时期的网络结构变化进行纵向对比,而且对不同航司之间的网络特征进行横向对比.研究表明,两家航空公司的运营性质不同导致航线网络的发展变化上有明显差异,航线网络的度分布均服从幂律分布,无标度特性显著,机场覆盖范围都在扩大,相比之下瑞安航空的航线数和机场平均度更高,且注重提高对机场的使用率,而汉莎航空的紧密中心性和中间中心性都明显高于瑞安航空,个别枢纽机场对整个网络具有绝对的控制能力.

In order to explore the characteristics and evolution of the regional airline network,the airline networks of Lufthansa and Ryanair in the European Union were taken as the research objects,and complex network theory was applied to construct airline network models from the perspective of airlines to analyze the topological structure characteristics of the networks.This paper not only made a vertical comparison of the changes of network structure of the same airline in different periods,but also made a horizontal comparison between different airlines.The results showed that the different operation properties of the two airlines led to significant differences in the development and changes of the airline networks.The degree distributions of the two airline networks obeyed the power-law distribution,with remarkable scale-free characteristics.The airport coverage of the two airline networks were expanding.Ryanair had a higher number of routes and airport average degree,and paid attention to improving the utilization rate of airports.Lufthansa's closeness centrality and betweenness centrality were significantly higher than Ryanair,and individual hub airports had absolute control over the entire network.