集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统研究

Research on design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain

近年来工程事故发生后设计者往往会成为追责的对象。而随着BIM模型日渐成为工程图纸会审和留档的原始资料,设计责权追溯也需要提出新的解决方案来达到从源头避免工程质量事故的目的。因此提出了一种集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统。区块链是一种去中心化的数据库。其具有难篡改、可溯源的特性,已成功应用于质量追溯领域。在分散式应用程序的框架上,基于以太坊技术提出了用于存储BIM元数据的联盟链,并通过管理者、设计者、监管者3种节点提高了去中心化程度。为解决BIM模型体量过大的问题,采用第三方平台BIMFACE作为外部数据库,弥补了区块链与BIM集成时支持格式单一、实际场景不适用的缺陷。而基于哈希算法的完整性校验可以防范第三方篡改模型。同时系统还具有良好的拓展性,实现了在线浏览、模型描述等协同工作功能,未来可在BIM产品的生命周期内拓展更多应用场景。某大学雄安校区的应用案例表明,系统能对设计过程进行永久记录和精确追溯。

In recent years,designers have often become the target of accountability in the aftermath of engineering accidents.With the BIM model becoming the original material for engineering drawings review and archiving,novel solutions are necessary to prevent engineering quality accidents from their source.Consequently,a design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain was proposed.Blockchain,a decentralized database,is tamper-proof and traceable,and has been successfully utilized in the field of quality traceability.Within the framework of a distributed application,an alliance chain for BIM metadata storage was proposed based on Ethereum technology,and the degree of decentralization was reinforced through three types of nodes:administrator,designer,and supervisor.In order to resolve the problem of excessive BIM model volume,the third-party platform BIMFACE was used as an external database,filling the gaps in supporting formats and practical applications when integrating blockchain with BIM.Hash algorithm-based integrity check can prevent third-party tampering with the model.Concurrently,the system boasted great expandability,enabling collaborative work functions such as online browsing and model description,and can accommodate additional application scenarios in the lifecycle of BIM products in the future.An application case of a university’s Xiong’an campus has demonstrated the system’s ability to permanently record and accurately trace the design process.