数字时代集体记忆的媒介重构——网络百科条目分析

The Media Reconfiguration of Collective Memory in Digital Era: Analysis on the Internet Encyclopedia Item

在网络空间中,网民通过互动形成共同认可的知识,成为数字时代集体记忆构建的一种典型方式。本研究以百度百科与中文维基两大平台上的“林徽因”条目为研究个案,采用文本分析、网络分析等方法,基于“文本、话语实践、社会实践三向度”分析框架对比分析不同平台在民间记忆构建上的差异。研究发现,文本向度上,“林徽因”在百度百科被建构为“处于附属地位的女人”,而在中文维基百科中则被建构为“独立的人”。话语实践过程中,较之中文维基,百度百科“中区”生产者体现出较低的自我修正倾向、较弱的互惠性和较明显的集权性,“后区”讨论者的积极性更高但存在显著的话语权差异。社会实践向度上,百度百科记忆群体相对中文维基百科有着更为稳定的身份认同和更低的社会性别敏感度,且其记忆一定程度受到了媒介的重构。研究表明,互联网场域的“圈层”属性造就多个版本的民间记忆,特定记忆对象在网络空间中会有多个“存在”。

In cyberspace,netizens form commonly recognized knowledge through interaction,which has become a typical way of collective memory construction in the digital age.This paper takes the item“Lin Huiyin”on Baidu Baike and Chinese Wikipedia as the research case to comparatively analyze the differences of the diverse platforms in the construction of folk memory based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of“text,discourse practice and social practice”by using the methods of text analysis and network analysis.The results of this research show that from the text dimension,“Lin Huiyin”was constructed as“a woman in a subordinate position”in Baidu Baike,while“Lin Huiyin”was constructed as“an independent person”in Chinese Wikipedia.In the process of discourse practice,compared with the Chinese Wikipedia,the producers in the“middle area”of Baidu Baike show lower self-reflexivity,weaker reciprocity and a more obvious tendency of centralization.In contrast,the“back area”is more motivated,but there is significant diversity in discourse rights.In terms of the social dimension,Baidu Baikes memory group has a more stable identity and lower gender sensitivity than Chinese Wikipedia,and the media have reconstructed the memory to a certain extent.The research indicates that the“circles”property of the Internet fields creates multiple versions of folk memory,and specific memory objects have multiple“presences”in cyberspace.