腺病毒载体的黄病毒属病毒疫苗研究进展

Research progress of flavivirus vaccines based on adenovirus vector

黄病毒属病毒有70多种,包括寨卡病毒(ZIKV)、登革病毒(DENV)和乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)等,已知其中超过33种病毒能够感染人类。已批准上市的黄病毒属病毒疫苗只有3种,大部分黄病毒属病毒仍缺乏安全有效的疫苗。腺病毒载体疫苗具有安全性高、成本低、便于储存和运输等优势。目前,已有2个腺病毒载体ZIKV疫苗进入早期临床试验,登革病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒和黄热病毒的腺病毒载体疫苗尚处于动物实验阶段。腺病毒载体黄病毒属病毒疫苗的研发还存在腺病毒的预存免疫、腺病毒载体免疫原性不足,以及黄病毒属病毒之间抗体依赖增强效应等问题。本文检索2006年1月—2023年6月发表的国内外相关文献,对腺病毒载体黄病毒属病毒疫苗研究现状和面临的挑战及其解决方案进行综述,为该类疫苗研发提供参考。

There are more than 70 species of flaviviruses,including Zika virus,Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus,and more than 33 species are known to be capable of infecting humans.Only three flavivirus vaccines have been approved,and there is a lack of safe and effective vaccines for most flaviviruses.Adenovirus-vectored vaccines have high safety,low cost,and convenience to store and transport.Currently,two adenovirus-vectored Zika vaccines are under early clinical trials,and adenovirus-vectored vaccines for Dengue virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus and yellow fever virus are still in the phase of animal experiment.In the development of adenovirus-vectored flavivirus vaccines,there are still problems of pre-existing immunity to adenovirus,the insufficient immunogenicity of adenovirus vectors and the antibody-dependent enhancement effects among flavivirus.Based on relevant publications from January 2006 to June 2023,this article reviews the current status,challenges and solutions of the research into adenovirus-vectored flavivirus vaccines,so as to provide the reference for the development of relevant vaccines.