肺炎流行病学研究进展

Research progress on the epidemiology of pneumonia

肺炎是一种常见的下呼吸道感染,在全球范围内造成较大的疾病负担与经济负担,是亟待解决的重要公共卫生问题。本文收集2013—2023年发表的肺炎流行病学研究文献,针对肺炎的流行病学特征和主要影响因素进行综述,发现肺炎在不同地区的流行特征存在较大差异,男性、老年人和儿童是肺炎发病和死亡的高危人群;并且年龄、吸烟、饮酒、空气污染、合并症和疫苗接种是影响肺炎发病和死亡的主要因素。建议通过加强健康教育、减少危险因素暴露和提高疫苗接种率等措施,降低易感人群肺炎发病和死亡风险。

Pneumonia is a common lower respiratory tract infection,which causes a large disease and economic burden worldwide,and is an important public health problem to be solved urgently.Based on review of publications pertaining to the epidemiology of pneumonia from 2013 to 2023,this article summaries the epidemiological characteristics and main influencing factors of pneumonia.It is found that the epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia vary in different areas;men,the elderly and children are the high-risk groups of pneumonia incidence and mortality;and age,smoking,alcohol consumption,air pollution,comorbidity and vaccination are the main factors affecting the incidence and mortality of pneumonia.Strengthening health education,reducing exposure to risk factors and promoting vaccination are recommended to lower the morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in susceptible populations.