数控机床加工精度分析及优化

Machining Precision Analysis and Optimization of Numerical Control Machine Tools

加工精度是判断数控机床性能的重要标准,但机床长期工作会不可避免地产生误差,无法保持原有的高精度,提高机床加工精度是亟待解决的问题。误差补偿是提高机床加工精度的主要方法,本研究建立了数控机床的几何误差模型,为了定性分析各几何误差对机床加工精度的影响,利用MATLAB软件,对“S”形试样进行仿真分析。结果表明,不同的几何误差及加工位置对加工精度的影响不同。利用基于Floyd算法的几何误差补偿法,对数控机床工件进行优化,并对优化前后的加工精度进行对比发现,Floyd补偿算法在提高数控机床加工精度方面是有效的。

Machining accuracy is an important standard to judge the performance of numerical control machine tools.But the machine tool will inevitably produce errors for a long time,and can not maintain the original high precision.So improving the machining accuracy of machine tools is an urgent problem to be solved.Error compensation is the main method to improve the machining accuracy of machine tools.In this study,the geometric error model of numerical control machine tool is established.In order to qualitatively analyze the influence of each geometric error on the machining accuracy of the machine tool,the simulation analysis of“S”shaped sample is carried out with MATLAB software.The results show that different geometric errors and machining positions have different effects on machining accuracy.Geometric error compensation method based on Floyd algorithm is used to optimize the workpiece of numerical control machine tool,and the machining accuracy before and after optimization is compared.It is found that Floyd compensation algorithm is effective in improving the machining accuracy of numerical control machine tool.