超临界CO_(2)萃取羊肉油脂及其脂肪酸组成的变化

Supercritical CO_(2) Extraction of Mutton Fat and Changes in Its Fatty Acid Composition

为探究超临界CO_(2)萃取技术在动物油脂提取中的应用,明确萃取过程中脂肪酸的变化规律,以羊肉为原料,利用超临界CO_(2)萃取技术提取羊肉油脂,分析油脂提取效果,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其脂肪酸质量分数和组成进行分析。结果发现,超临界CO_(2)萃取羊肉油脂的萃取率可达22.04%,与未处理组相比,经超临界萃取后肉中饱和脂肪酸相对含量显著降低了11.37%(P<0.05),超临界萃取的油中饱和脂肪酸无显著变化(P>0.05);超临界萃取后肉中单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量较未处理组显著提高9.20%(P<0.05),其中棕榈油酸相对含量显著增加了61.00%(P<0.05);超临界萃取的油中单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量与未处理组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但其中棕榈油酸的相对含量显著提高了70.10%(P<0.05);超临界萃取肉和油中均未检出反式油酸,且其中多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量及组成无显著变化(P>0.05)。因此,超临界CO_(2)萃取技术可应用于羊肉油脂提取,有利于提高超临界萃取油中棕榈油酸相对含量,为超临界CO_(2)萃取在动物油脂中的应用提供理论参考和技术支撑。

In order to explore the application of supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology in animal fat extraction and clarify the changes in fatty acid composition during the extraction process,mutton meat was used as the raw material and supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology was used to extract mutton fat.The extraction effect was analyzed,and the fatty acid mass fraction and composition were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that the extraction rate of mutton fat by supercritical CO_(2)was 22.04%.Compared with the untreated meat,the mass fraction of saturated fatty acid in mutton after supercritical extraction decreased significantly by 11.37%(P<0.05),while there was no significant change in saturated fatty acids in the fat extracted by supercritical extraction(P>0.05).The mass fraction of monounsaturated fatty acids in mutton extracted by supercritical CO_(2)significantly increased by 9.20%compared to the untreated mutton(P<0.05),of which the mass fraction of palmitoleic acid significantly increased by 61.00%(P<0.05).Compared with the untreated mutton,there was no significant difference in the mass fraction of monounsaturated fatty acids in oil extracted by supercritical CO_(2)(P>0.05),however,the mass fraction of palmitoleic acid significantly increased by 70.10%(P<0.05).In addition,trans-oleic acid was not detected in both supercritical extraction mutton and fat,and there was no significant change in the mass fraction and composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids(P>0.05).Therefore,the supercritical CO_(2)extraction technology can be used in the extraction of mutton fat,which is advantageous for increasing the mass fraction of palmitoleic acid,thus providing a theoretical reference and technical support for the application of supercritical CO_(2)in animal fat extraction.