民间借贷纠纷案件裁判思路研究

Studies on the Thought of Judicial Adjudication of Private Lend ing Dispute Cases

民间借贷在我国已逐步独立发展为一项重要的融资渠道,在便利融资的同时也为司法裁判带来了棘手问题。当前民间借贷纠纷案件呈现总量大且不断增长、涉案金额巨大、案件区域和类型集中、虚假诉讼频发、高息隐蔽性增强且涉嫌刑事犯罪的情况突出等特征。对民间借贷的司法裁判应当遵循意思自治原则、严格审查合同效力、审慎突破合同相对性、依法处理虚假诉讼以及正确处理刑民交叉案件等基本原则。针对仅存在银行转账凭证的情况,应推定双方存在借贷关系;针对虚伪意思表示的民间借贷,应在司法主动审查交易模式的情况下确立权利义务关系;对于结算型借款协议,应当认定双方往来款项作为印证债权凭证的证据;法定代表人以企业法人名义对外借贷的情形,应当审查款项的实际用途以确定还款责任主体;对于夫妻一方对外借款的还款主体认定问题,应从日常经验法则出发认定借款用途进而认定还款责任主体;当民间借贷涉刑事犯罪时,该借贷合同与担保合同的效力应依债权人的主张原则上认定有效。

Private lending has gradually developed as an important financing channel in our country,while facilitating financing also brings tricky problems for judicial adjudication.At present,the cases of private lending disputes show the characteristics of large and growing total amount,huge amount of money involved,concentrated case areas and types,frequent false lawsuits,enhanced concealment of high interest and prominent cases suspected of criminal crimes.The judicial adjudication of private lending should follow the principle of autonomy of will,strictly examine the validity of contract,prudently break through the relativity of contract,deal with false lawsuit according to law and correctly deal with the cross-case of criminal and civil.In the case that there is only a bank transfer voucher,it should be presumed that there is a lending relationship between the two parties.The relationship of rights and obligations should be established in the case of the transaction mode examined by the judiciary.For the settlement lending agreement,the money between the two parties shall be regarded as the evidence to confirm the creditor's right;Where the legal representative borrows money from abroad in the name of a corporate,he shall examine the actual use of the money to determine the subject liable for repayment;As for the identifi cation of the repayment subject of one spouse's foreign lending,the purpose of the lending should be identifi ed according to the daily rule of thumb,and then the repayment subject should be identifi ed.When the private lending is involved in a criminal crime,the validity of the lending contract and the guarantee contract should be determined in principle according to the claims of the creditor.