百香果茎基腐病防治药剂筛选及田间盆栽防治效果试验

Screening of Fungicides for Controlling Stem Base Rot of Passion Fruit and Experiment on Efficacy of Pot Control in Field

[目的]为筛选防治百香果可可毛色二孢茎基腐病高效杀菌剂,为有效防治百香果茎基腐病提供科学依据。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定18种常见杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌效果,并对抑制率100%的杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定,选毒力作用强的杀菌剂进行田间盆栽防治试验。[结果]药剂筛选结果发现500 mg/L的68%精甲霜·锰锌、70%甲基硫菌灵、80%代森锰锌、75%肟菌·戊唑醇、25%丙环唑、50%多菌灵、62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈、40%腈菌唑、80%乙蒜素等9种杀菌剂对百香果茎基腐病菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)菌丝体抑制率均达100%;毒力测定结果表明:毒力作用较强杀菌剂依次为50%多菌灵、62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈、80%乙蒜素、75%肟菌·戊唑醇,其EC50分别为0.700μg/mL、1.012μg/mL、1.346μg/mL、1.932μg/mL;田间盆栽结果表明:50%多菌灵保护效果最佳,防治效果为76.32%,肟菌·戊唑醇和多菌灵治疗效果最佳,治疗效果分别为69.62%和66.51%。[结论]生产上可用多菌灵预防百香果可可毛色二孢茎基腐病;发病后尽快使用肟菌·戊唑醇、多菌灵进行治疗。

[Objective]In order to screen high-efficiency fungicides for controlling the stem base rot of Lasiodiplodia theobromae of passion fruit,and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of the stem base rot of passion fruit.[Method]The mycelium growth rate method was applied to determine the bacteriostatic effect of 18 common fungicides on pathogenic bacteria,and the indoor toxicity test was carried out on the fungicides with 100%inhibition rate.The fungicides with strong toxicity were selected for field pot control test.[Result]The results of fungicide screening showed that the inhibition rates of 9 fungicides,including 500 mg/L 68%metalaxyl·mancozeb,70%thiophanate-methyl,80%mancozeb,75%trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole,25%propiconazole,50%carbendazim,62.5 g/L fludioxonil,40%myclobutanil and 80%ethylicin,on the mycelia of Lasiodiplodia theobromae were 100%.The results of toxicity test showed that the fungicides with strong toxicity were 50%carbendazim,62.5 g/L fludioxonil,80%ethylicin and 75%tebuconazole,and their EC50 were 0.700μg/mL,1.012μg/mL,1.346μg/mL and 1.932μg/mL,respectively.The results of field pot experiments showed that 50%carbendazim had the best protective effect,and the control effect was 76.32%.Oxime bacteria·tebuconazole and carbendazim had the best therapeutic effects,and the therapeutic effects were 69.62%and 66.51%,respectively.[Conclusion]Carbendazim can be applied in the cultivation to prevent the stem base rot of Lasiodiplodia theobromae of passion fruit,applied fungicides of Oxime bacteria·tebuconazole and carbendazim for treatmentas as soon as possible in the onset time.