播种季节和割苗期对大麦苗粉营养成分的影响

Effect of Sowing Seasons and Cutting Stage on Nutritional Components of Seedling Powder of Barley

为探究不同季节播种和割苗期对大麦苗粉营养成分的影响,以48个云南大麦品种(系)为材料,进行秋、冬、春、夏四季播种和不同时期割苗处理,对大麦苗粉4个营养功能性成分进行测定分析。结果表明,秋播大麦苗粉的总黄酮(156.21 mg·100 g^(-1))、生物碱(106.73 mg·100 g^(-1))、γ-氨基丁酸(186.40 mg·100 g^(-1))、蛋白质(30.79%)含量高于冬、春、夏播,且秋播与冬播、秋播与夏播间4个被测指标差异均显著。相同季节播种,分蘖前期割苗苗粉的总黄酮、生物碱、蛋白质含量均高于主茎抽穗期割苗,以秋播分蘖前期割苗苗粉的总黄酮(161.85 mg·100 g^(-1))、生物碱(106.80 mg·100 g^(-1))、γ-氨基丁酸(202.44 mg·100 g^(-1))、蛋白质(32.66%)含量最高。二棱大麦苗粉的γ-氨基丁酸、总黄酮、蛋白质含量均高于多棱大麦。综上所述,秋播最适于云南大麦生产苗粉;延迟割苗期会降低大麦苗粉营养功能成分含量;二棱大麦品种(系)苗粉的营养成分含量高于多棱大麦;本研究条件下,适于生产麦苗粉的品种有云啤5号、云啤9号、矮思4号。

In order to explore the effects of sowing in different seasons and cutting stages on the nutritional components of barley seedlings,48 Yunnan barley varieties(lines)were sown in autumn,winter,spring,and summer and the seedlings were cut in different periods.Four nutritional components of barley seedling powder were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids 156.21 mg·100 g^(-1)),alkaloids(106.73 mg·100 g^(-1)),γ-aminobutyric acid(186.40 mg·100 g^(-1)),and protein(30.79%)of barley seedling powder in autumn sowing were higher than those in winter,spring,and summer sowing,and there were significant differences between autumn sowing and winter sowing,and between autumn sowing and summer sowing.Sowing in the same season,the contents of total flavonoids,alkaloids,and protein of seedling powder cut at early tillering stage were higher than those cut at heading stage of main stem,and the contents of total flavonoids(161.85 mg·100 g^(-1)),alkaloid(106.80 mg·100 g^(-1)),γ-aminobutyric acid(202.44 mg·100 g^(-1)),and protein(32.66%)of seedling powder cut at early tillering stage under autumn sowing were the highest.The contents ofγ-aminobutyric acid,total flavonoids,and protein in two-rowed barley seedling powder were higher than those in multi-rowed barley.In conclusion,autumn sowing is the most suitable for producing seedling powder of Yunnan barley.Delaying seedling cutting reduced the content of nutritional components in barley seedling powder.The nutrient content of seedling powder of two-rowed barley was higher than that of multi-rowed barley.Under the conditions of this study,the varieties(lines)suitable for barley seedling powder production were Yunpi 5,Yunpi 9 and Aisi 4.