美国研究生助学贷款“井喷”现象探微

Exploration on the“Blowout”Phenomenon of American Postgraduate Student Loans

美国是世界上最早开展研究生助学贷款的国家之一,至今已经形成了相对成熟的助学贷款体系。随着社会形势的变化,美国研究生助学贷款在不同的学位类型、学位项目与院校类型等方面都显现“井喷”增长趋势。研究生助学贷款的激增既是由于大学持续提高学费,也是政府大力扶持贷款行业发展的结果,同时私人贷款机构的涌入与社会流行的信贷文化也对这一现象的出现起到推波助澜的作用。助学贷款的跃进式发展在保障学生受教育权利的同时,也给研究生群体带来沉重的债务负担,同时也加剧了美国不同群体间贫富差距。

The United States is one of the first countries in the world to develop graduate student loans and has formed a relatively mature student loan system S0 far.With the changes in the social situation,Am erican postgraduate student loans show a“hlowout”growth trend in differ ent degree types,degree programs,and insti-tution types.The surge of postgraduate student loans is not only due to the continuous increase of tuition fees by universities,but also the result of the govemment’s strong support for the development of the loan industry.At the same time,the influx of private lending institions and the prevailing credit culture in society have also con-tributed to the emergence of this phenomenon.The leapfrog development of student loans not only guar antees the right of students to receive education,but also brings a heavy debt burden to the postgraduate group,and also exacerbates the gap between the rich and the poor among different groups in the United States.