Supramolecular G-quadruplex hydrogels:Bridging fabrication to biomedical application

G-quadruplex hydrogel is a class of self-assembled supramolecular hydrogel formed by guanine derivatives.As a biomimetic hydrogel,G-quadruplex hydrogels demonstrate wide biomedical applications,such as drug delivery,tissue engineering,and biosensing.The advantages of using G-quadruplex hydrogels include adequate biocompatibility and biodegradability,tunable multifunctionality,and cost-effective and large-scalable fabrication process.In this review,we focus on recent progress in the fabrication and characterization of G-quadruplex hydrogels to help readers understand the principles of G-quadruplex hydrogel formation.Meanwhile,the applications of G-quadruplex hydrogels in the biomedical area are discussed,aiming to pave the way for downward clinical or industry translation.The development of G-quadruplex hydrogel is still in its infancy.We hope this review will boost the development of this area and that more applications of G-quadruplex hydrogel will be developed.