人工智能研究进路的转化是范式的革命吗?

Is the Transformation of AI Research Approaches a Paradigm Revolution?

符号主义和联结主义是AI研究的两种主要进路,它们常常被视为对立不相容的两种方法论,但它们其实共同拥有着深刻的哲学思维根基。符号派在哲学上注重理性的演绎,而联结派在哲学上则注重经验的收集;在人工智能的运行中,理性离不开经验、经验也离不开理性,因此二者并非完全不相容。近年来神经符号进路的呼声在AI研究中也频繁出现,因此有必要对这两种研究进路以及它们的历史转换做出一番考察。一方面有利于重新审视当下技术思潮对AI研究的影响,另一方面也有利于从哲学和技术层面重新挖掘AI研究的学科基点,这都有利于AI和哲学的共同发展。

The two primary schools of thought in AI research,symbolism and connectionism,are frequently perceived as being at odds with one another and having incompatible methods,yet they actually have philosophical foundations in common.While the symbolism is philosophically concerned with the deduction of reason,connectionism is philosophically concerned with the gathering of experience.Since reason and experience cannot be separated in the operation of intelligence,the two are not wholly contradictory.In recent years,proposals for a neuro-symbolic approach to AI research have also emerged often,necessitating an examination of these two approaches and their historical transitions.This will allow for a re-examination of the influence of technical thought on AI research on the one hand,and a re-examination of the disciplinary base of AI research on both the philosophical and technical levels,both of which are conducive to the joint development of AI and philosophy on the other.