职业教育校企命运共同体的机理、困境与破解之道

The Mechanism,Difficulties and Solution of the Community with Shared Future between School and Enterprise in Vocational Education

国务院印发的《国家职业教育改革实施方案》首次明确提出,要推动职业院校和行业企业形成命运共同体,如何构建校企命运共同体成为职教界持续关注的议题。过往研究偏重共同体的哲学、社会学内涵以及可行路径等,却少有对校企命运共同体的构建机理诠释,对现实困境审思不深,过度关注传统二元分隔路径。校企命运共同体理应以平等为逻辑起点,以共享利益与满足需求为集体行动内生动力,以契约规范成员交往对话行为,以治理机制保障运行。但存在价值观不统一、集体行动不协调、契约不完全、治理机制不适应等困境形成阻碍。提出整合利益诉求凝聚价值共识,实施选择性激励形成自觉协调的集体行动,建立有效的契约式关系和创新多方协商共治机制等策略建议。

It promoted to form a community of shared future between the vocational college and the enterprise in the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan issued by the State Council,and how to construct the School-Enterprise Community has quickly become a hot topic.Previous studies have focused on community philosophy,sociological connotation and path,but have seldom interpreted its construction mechanism,reflection on the realistic predicament was not deep and excessive attention was given to the traditional dual path.There are difficulties such as inconsistent values,uncoordinated collective actions,incomplete contracts,and inadaptation mechanisms hinder the formation.The paper puts forward some strategies to integrate interest demands to gather value consensus,implement selective incentives to form conscious and coordinated collective actions,establish effective contractual,innovate multi-party consultation and co-governance mechanisms for getting rid of these difficulties.