守正与创新——保护更新时代背景下的清华城市设计教学探索与思考

Tradition and Innovation:Tsinghua Urban Design Studio under the Circumstances of Urban Renewal

城市作为生命体的基本属性以及历时性特征,决定了城市总是在不断演变发展中,城市设计的本质就是展示这一演变过程,揭示这一演变规律,描绘这一演变路径和图景,因此,城市设计本身就具有与历史城市保护的“一体两面”属性,以及与城市更新的学理内核一致性。城市更新是城市的固有规律和必然过程,中国城市的更新本质是不断追求的现代化和城市现代性彰显,并在这一过程中留存历史记忆,实现历史文化的保护传承。正是基于对城市设计学科发展的长期深刻认识,以及从1999年开始的城市设计教学探索和积累,清华大学教学团队继承了清华大学城市设计与历史城市保护高度融合的学术思想和学术传统,依托北京城在名城保护和首都建设的国家战略性需求,从既有建成空间的形态秩序梳理和空间整合视角,运用城市形态学理论方法,系统培养学生对纷繁复杂的城市空间进行抽象、呈现、认识、建构能力,建立贯穿“建筑—建筑群—场地—城市”的跨尺度一体化思考,并培养学生聚焦关键问题进行辩证思考的连续性设计思维方式。

Cities,akin to living entities,are characterized by fundamental attributes and diachronic properties that necessitate continual evolution and development.The discipline of urban design,at its core,aims to portray this incessant evolution,illuminate the underlying laws that govern it,and elucidate the trajectory of this transformative process.This ties urban design intrinsically to the preservation of historical cities,establishing a concept of“one entity,two facets,”an idea that is harmonious with the theoretical foundations of urban renewal.Urban renewal is an inherent law and an inescapable trajectory in the life of cities.In the context of China,this principle is embodied in the unending pursuit of modernization and the reflection of urban modernity.Concurrently,this transition retains historical memories and facilitates the protection and perpetuation of historical culture.Building on an extensive and profound comprehension of the evolution of urban design disciplines,in conjunction with the accumulated insights from urban design pedagogy since 1999,the instructional team of Tsinghua University has upheld and advanced the institution’s scholarly ideas and academic traditions.The team embodies a significant degree of synergy between urban design and the preservation of historical cities,which in turn,caters to the national strategic necessities related to safeguarding eminent cities and the capital’s development.Addressing this task from the perspective of organizing the morphological order and spatial integration of the pre-existing built space,the pedagogical approach employs urban morphology’s theory and methods.It fosters a systematic pedagogy for students to conceptualize,comprehend,and depict complex urban spaces,while developing their constructive abilities.This method establishes a cross-scale,integrative thinking process spanning from individual edifices to the entire cityscape.The curriculum promotes a continuous design thinking model amongst students,facilitating their concentration on essential issues through dialectical reasoning.