睡眠呼吸暂停综合征青年与中老年患者的多导睡眠图比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Polysomnogram in Youth and Middle-aged and Senile Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome

目的:比较分析睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)青年与中老年患者的睡眠监测特点及临床特征。方法:选取2022年7至11月于复旦大学附属华山医院福建医院睡眠医学中心/耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的SAS成年患者100例,基于年龄差异分成青年组(47例,<60岁)和中老年组(53例,≧60岁);比较2组患者基础资料、睡眠监测特点、既往史及个人史、临床特征。结果:2组患者颈围、性别差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而体质量指数(BMI)青年组大于中老年组(P<0.05);青年组氧减指数(ODI)、微觉醒指数、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)以及Ⅲ期睡眠时间/总睡眠时间、快动眼睡眠(REM)时间/总睡眠时间的百分比均高于中老年组,而Ⅰ期睡眠时间/总睡眠时间、最低血氧饱和度(LSpO_(2))小于中老年组(均P<0.05);青年组中合并糖尿病、冠心病、原发性高血压的比例均低于老年组,而饮酒史比例高于中老年组(均P<0.05);青年组憋醒、呼吸暂停、打鼾、日间嗜睡、晨起头痛、晨起口干发生比例均大于中老年组(均P<0.05)。结论:相较于中老年SAS患者,青年患者病情程度更重、临床特征更为显著,但中老年患者的睡眠质量更差、睡眠结构更为杂乱以及其临床症状不典型、并发症较多,风险高。

Objective:The polysomnography and clinical characteristics of adult patients with sleep apnea syndrome(SAS)were compared and analyzed.Methods:A total of 100 SAS patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Fudan University,Fujian Hospital Sleep Medicine Center/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department from July to November 2022 was selected and divided into the youth group(47 cases,<60 years old)and the middle-aged and senile group(53 cases,≥60 years old)according to age.The basic data,polysomnography characteristics,past and personal history,clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in neck circumference and gender between the two groups(P>0.05).The body mass index(BMI)of the youth group was higher than that of the middle-aged and senile group(P<0.05).The oxygen desaturation index(ODI),micro-awakening index,apnea hypopnea index(AHI),the percentage of stageⅢsleep time/total sleep time,rapid eye movement sleep(REM)time/total sleep time in the youth group were higher than those in the middle-aged and senile group,while the percentage of stageⅠsleep time/total sleep time and minimum blood oxygen saturation(LSpO_(2))were lower than those in the middle-aged and senile group,all P<0.05.The proportion of diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease and hypertension in the youth group was lower than that in the middle-aged and senile group,and the proportion of drinking history was higher than that in the middle-aged and senile group,all P<0.05.The incidence rates of dysphoria,apnea,snoring,daytime sleepiness,morning headache and morning dry mouth in the youth group were higher than those in the middle-aged and senile group,all P<0.05.Conclusion:Compared with middle-aged and elderly SAS patients,young patients have more severe disease.However,middle-aged and elderly patients have worse sleep quality,more chaotic sleep structure,atypical clinical symptoms,more complications and higher risk.