中国冷链碳排放及低碳技术减排分析

Carbon Emission and Emission Reduction with Low-carbon Technologies in Chinese Cold Chain Industry

人民对生鲜食品品质的追求推动了冷链产业的快速发展,但在冷链扩张过程中,势必会引入大量的冷链设备设施,从而增加能源消耗和制冷剂泄漏,对环境造成负面影响,因此在当前“双碳”目标下,冷链行业的发展面临很大减排压力。本文针对冷链碳足迹中全环节,从制冷剂泄漏、能源消耗和食物损失浪费三个方面计算了碳排放,并对比分析了采用环保制冷剂、能效提升以及低碳能源利用在冷链发展过程中的减排效果。计算结果表明:当前与冷链相关的CO_(2)排放达4.02亿t,若按照现有技术发展,至2030年,冷链碳排放将增至4.36亿t;若采用环保制冷剂、节能技术与低碳能源利用,则我国2030年冷链碳排放预计可降至2.72亿t。

The pursuit of fresh food quality has promoted the rapid development of the cold chain industry.The increase in cold chain equipment and facilities causes excessive energy consumption and refrigerant leakage,which has a negative impact on the environment.The development of the cold chain industry is therefore under pressure to reduce emissions under the current"two-carbon"goal.Considering the carbon footprint of the entire cold chain,this study calculates carbon emissions from three aspects,including refrigerant leakage,energy consumption,and food loss and waste.Emission reduction using environmental-friendly refrigerants,high-efficiency technologies,and low-carbon energy is also analyzed.The calculation results show that the current carbon emissions related to the cold chain are up to 402 million tons and will increase to 436 million tons in 2030 if the cold chain industry is developed with existing technology.However,emissions can decrease to 272 million tons,if environmental-friendly refrigerants,high-efficiency technologies,and low-carbon energy are applied.