磁共振成像在甲状腺结节诊断中的研究进展

Research progress of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of thyroid nodules

甲状腺结节为临床常见病变,检出率逐年上升,其中恶性结节约占7%~15%,术前精准的无创影像诊断对制订治疗方案至关重要。磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)软组织分辨率高、无辐射,已逐步被用于甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别、颈部淋巴结转移和甲状腺癌周围组织侵犯的评估。除常规MRI平扫及增强扫描外,多种功能MRI技术如动态对比增强MRI、体素内不相干运动扩散成像、扩散峰度成像及酰胺质子转移加权成像等在甲状腺结节诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用,同时也面临诸多挑战。本文就MRI序列及成像技术在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用进行综述,重点阐述功能MRI在甲状腺结节中的研究进展,为促进甲状腺磁共振图像质量提高,进一步通过多模态磁共振序列定量、定性诊断甲状腺结节提供新的思路和方向。

Thyroid nodules are common clinical lesions,and the detection rate is increasing year by year,which malignant nodules account for about 7%-15%.Early accurate non-invasive imaging evaluation is crucial to the formulation of clinical treatment plans.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been gradually used for the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules,cervical lymph node metastasis,and evaluation of tissue invasion around thyroid cancer due to its high resolution and radiation-free.In addition to conventional plain and enhanced MRI scans,the unique roles and advantages of functional sequences such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging,diffusion kurtosis imaging and amide proton transfer weighted imaging in thyroid nodules have been gradually recognized.And it also faces many challenges.We reviewed the application of MRI sequences and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules in this paper,focusing on the research progress of functional MRI in thyroid nodules,in order to provide new ideas and directions for promoting the quality of thyroid magnetic resonance images and further quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of thyroid nodules through multimodal MRI sequences.