微生物提高采收率过程中促进原油动用的机制

Mechanism of Promoting Crude Oil Production during Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Process

随着石油需求的不断增长,提高采收率越来越重要。近年来,选择微生物及其代谢产物作为驱油材料,可以降低成本、减少环境污染且效果较好。已有不少学者通过渗吸、填砂管模型、驱替、数值模拟等实验方法对微生物提高采收率(microbial enhanced oil recovery,MEOR)的效率进行了研究。总结了微生物驱油的5个机制,并通过比较其对微生物驱油效率的影响,发现渗透率变化、改善岩石表面润湿性和界面张力降低在微生物驱油机制中占主导地位。参与MEOR的细菌能够适应不同条件的储层环境,并代谢出生物活性物质,其中生物表面活性剂应用效果最为明显。将有助于理解微生物与提高采收率的关系,并确定其在增加石油产量中发挥作用的机制,对于MEOR在油气行业的发展具有重要意义。

With the increasing demand for oil,enhancing oil recovery is more and more important.In recent years,the selection of microorganisms and their metabolites as oil displacement materials can reduce costs and avoid environmental pollution.Many scholars have studied the efficiency of microbial enhanced oil recovery(MEOR)by experimental methods such as spontaneous imbibition,sandpack,coreflooods and numerical simulation.Five mechanisms of microbial oil displacement were summarized.By comparing their effects on microbial oil displacement efficiency,it is found that permeability change,improvement of rock surface wettability and interfacial tension reduction dominate the microbial flooding mechanism.The bacteria involved in MEOR can adapt to different reservoir conditions and metabolize bioactive substances,and the application effect of biosurfactant is the most obvious.Finally,the results will help to understand the relationship between microorganisms and enhanced oil recovery,and determine the mechanism of its role in increasing oil production,which is of great significance for the development of MEOR in the oil and gas industry.