人工干预压采条件下东风湖泉域地下水环境响应研究

Response of Groundwater Environment in Dongfeng Lake Spring Area under Artificial Mining Conditions

为掌握中国北方典型岩溶泉域在人工干预条件下地下水环境的动态响应规律,以涉县东风湖泉域为研究对象,结合区内地质、水文地质、2011—2021年地下水位动态监测和地下水压采资料,在分析该地区地下水动态变化特征的基础上,运用GMS(groundwater modeling system)软件构建了在人工压采干预作用下的地下水流数值模拟模型,对地下水位环境变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明:研究区地下水动态变化明显,具有周期性、滞后性,具体表现为4个变化阶段;研究区内岩溶地下水整体呈现回升的状态,但是空间分布特征不同,上升区主要分布于下游地区;地下水类型为降水入渗-开采型,低水位期基本在5—6月,高水位期在1—2月;在干预条件下,区内地下水位有着不同程度的回升,南部(下游)浅层水位响应特征值超过15 m,中游地下水位响应特征值达到了5~10 m,北部(上游)地下水位响应特征值为3~5 m;上游和中游地下水位影响整体小于下游,下游水位响应尤为突出,中下游地下水位上升后,包气带厚度变薄,地下水环境逐渐改善。该研究对于泉域内泉的保护以及地下水开发利用和保护具有重要的理论和实际意义。

In order to master the dynamic response law of groundwater under artificial intervention in the typical karst spring area in northern China,taking the spring area of Dongfeng Lake in Shexian County as the research object,combining the regional geology,hydrogeology,dynamic monitoring of groundwater level from 2011 to 2021 and the data of underground water pressure mining,on the basis of analyzing the dynamic change characteristics of groundwater in the area,a numerical simulation model of groundwater flow under the intervention of artificial pressure mining was constructed by using GMS(groundwater modeling system)software.The variation trend of groundwater level was predicted.The results show as follows.The dynamic change of groundwater in the study area is obvious,with periodicity and hysteresis,which is manifested in four stages.The Karst groundwater in the study area is generally in a rising state,but the spatial distribution characteristics are different.The rising area is mainly distributed in the downstream area.The type of groundwater is precipitation infiltration and exploitation.The low water level period is basically from May to June,and the high water level period is from January to February.Under the intervention conditions,the groundwater level in the area has rebounded to varying degrees.The response characteristic value of the shallow water level in the south(downstream)is more than 15 m,the response characteristic value of the groundwater level in the middle reaches is 5~10 m,and the response characteristic value of the groundwater level in the north(upstream)is 3~5 m.The impact of the groundwater level in the upstream and middle reaches is generally smaller than that in the downstream,and the response of the downstream water level is particularly prominent.This study has important theoretical and practical significance for the protection of springs in the spring area and the development,utilization and protection of groundwater.