大变形巷道锚固系统让压装置设计与支护方案优化

Design of yielding device and optimization of support scheme of anchoring system in large deformation roadway

随着我国煤矿开采深度的加大,伴随出现的巷道大变形、矿压显现明显等诸多现象愈发严重。为解决深部回采巷道大变形,决定对影响锚固系统锚固性能的核心要素进行研究。通过对锚固系统荷载传递过程现场光纤锚杆试验监测,明确了不同锚固参数下锚固系统受力状态分布特点;通过实验室试验与数值模拟研究,制定了适用于大变形巷道的锚固系统外固元让压装置设计准则;通过现场试验研究,进一步明确了不同内固元参数下锚杆的受力反馈特征与巷道围岩的协同控制效果。基于优化内固元参数辅以让压装置,进行大变形巷道支护方案优化设计,现场工业性试验监测结果表明:优化的支护方案可有效把回采期间巷道收敛量控制在300 mm以内、顶板深部最大离层位移在100 mm以内,且设计的新型让压装置可产生一定形变,有助于提升锚固系统整体的稳定性。研究成果可对解决深部巷道大变形支护难题提供一定的参考。

With the increase of mining depth,many difficult problems,such as the large deformation of roadway and the apparent mining pressure become more and more serious.In view of the engineering problem of large deformation of deep mining roadway,the core factors that determine the anchoring performance of the anchoring system were studied.Based on the load transfer process of the anchoring system,the stress distribution characteristics of the anchoring system under different anchoring parameters were defined through the field experimental monitoring of optical fiber anchor.Based on laboratory experiment and numerical simulation,the design criteria of external solid element pressure relief device for large deformation roadway were established.Through the field tests,the force feedback characteristics of bolt and the collaborative control effect of roadway surrounding rock under different internal solid element parameters were further defined.Based on the optimization of internal solid element parameters and pressure yielding device,the optimization design of large-deformation roadway support scheme was carried out.The industrial trial monitoring results show that the support optimization scheme can effectively control the convergence of roadway below 300 mm and the maximum separation displacement of deep roof below 100 mm during mining,and the designed new pressure yielding device can produce a certain amount of deformation,which is helpful to improve the overall stability of the anchoring system.The research results have a certain reference value for dealing with deep roadway large deformation support problems.