高中古诗词教学的困境与策略——基于现象学美学理论的分析

The Dilemma and Strategy of Teaching Ancient Poetry and Lyrics in High School-An Analysis Based on Phenomenological Aesthetics Theory

“审美鉴赏与创造”是语文学科核心素养之一,古诗词教学是提高审美鉴赏能力的重要途径。现象学美学有着特别的理论视角:审美对象是文学艺术作品的整体的意义世界,在直观中就可抵达作品的意义世界,本真纯粹的意义世界是文学艺术作品的意义生成的本源。借用这样的视角,研究者发现了在古诗词教学中的一些典型问题:抽离艺术对象的应试式解读、不直观艺术对象模式化的解读、脱离生活与人作抽象分析。对此,提出“紧扣意象、本质直观、还原生活”的教学策略。

“Aesthetic appreciation and creation”is one of the core qualities of the Chinese discipline,and the teaching of ancient poetry is an important way to improve the ability of aesthetic appreciation.Phenomenological aesthetics has a special theoretical perspective:the aesthetic object is the overall meaning world of literary and artistic works,which can be reached through intuition.The true and pure meaning world is the origin of the meaning generation of literary and artistic works.From this perspective,we can discover some typical problems in the teaching of ancient poetry:exam oriented interpretation that separates artistic objects,non intuitive and patterned interpretation of artistic objects,and abstract analysis that separates life and people.In this regard,we propose teaching strategies such as“tightly adhering to imagery,intuitionistic essence,and restoring life”.