酿酒废弃物不同配比基质对有机高粱幼苗生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Ratios of Brewing Waste on Growth and Development of Organic Sorghum Seedlings

【目的】探明酿酒废弃物不同配比育苗基质对高粱幼苗生长发育的影响,为酿酒废弃物基质化循环利用及高粱高标准育苗提供理论依据。【方法】以酱香型白酒废弃物(酒糟、窖泥)为研究对象,经好氧发酵完全腐熟后与草炭、珍珠岩、蛭石混合配制成不同配比育苗基质(T_(1),对照,通用型育苗基质;T_(2),60%发酵物料+40%草炭;T_(3),60%发酵物料+20%草炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石;T_(4),50%发酵物料+50%草炭;T_(5),50%发酵物料+20%草炭+15%珍珠岩+15%蛭石;T_(6),40%发酵物料+60%草炭;T_(7),40%发酵物料+20%草炭+20%珍珠岩+20%蛭石),检测各育苗基质的理化性质及高粱幼苗生长生理指标,利用相关性分析影响高粱幼苗生长的关键因子,采用主成分分析对高粱幼苗质量进行综合评价,筛选适宜高粱的专用育苗基质配方。【结果】在基质理化性质方面,T_(2)、T_(4)和T_(6)基质的物理结构较优,其容重适中、总孔隙度和持水孔隙度高,有利于高粱出苗;T_(2)基质的电导率、铵态氮、硝态氮和速效钾含量高,有利于高粱幼苗生长对养分的需求;育苗基质的容重和硝态氮含量是影响高粱幼苗生长的主要因素。在高粱出苗率及幼苗生长方面,T_(7)基质的高粱出苗率最高;T_(2)基质的高粱株高、茎粗(茎围)、单株干重、地下部干重、壮苗指数及根冠比均最高;各基质的高粱幼苗质量综合评分表现为T_(2)>T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(6)=T_(7)=T_(3)>T_(1)。【结论】酱香型白酒废弃物(酒糟、窖泥)添加辅料(草炭、珍珠岩、蛭石)能调节基质的理化性质,有利于高粱出苗。综合考虑提高酿酒废弃物的利用率及保证高粱出苗率与幼苗培育效果,推荐使用T_(2)(60%发酵物料+40%草炭)处理为有机高粱育苗基质配方。

【Objective】The effects of different ratios of brewing waste on growth and development of sorghum seedlings were discussed to provide the theoretical basis for circle utilization of brewing waste and breeding of high standard sorghum seedlings.【Method】The fully fermented Moutai-flavor liquor waste(distiller's grains and pit mud)was used as the fermented material.The effects of seven treatments[T 1(CK,general seedling substrate),T 2(60%fermented material+40%peat),T 3(60%fermented material+20%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite),T 4(50%fermented material+50%peat),T 5(50%fermented material+20%peat+15%perlite+15%vermiculite),T 6(40%fermented material+60%peat)and T 7(40%fermented material+20%peat+20%perlite+20%vermiculite)]on physicochemical properties of different seedling substrates and physiological indexes of sorghum seedlings were studied.The key factors to influence growth of sorghum seedlings were determined by correlation analysis.The quality of sorghum seedlings was comprehensively evaluated by PCA to screen the suitable special substrate formula for breeding of sorghum seedlings.【Result】The physical structure of T 2,T 4 and T 6 was comparatively excellent and the moderate volume weight and higher total porosity and water holding porosity was beneficial to emergence of sorghum.The conductivity and higher ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content of T 2 were beneficial to the nutrient requirement of sorghum seedling for its growth.The volume weight and nitrate nitrogen content of breeding seedling substrate were main factors influencing growth of sorghum seedlings.The emergence rate of T 7 was the highest among seven treatments.The height,stem diameter,dry weight per seedling,dry weight of underground part,sound seedling index and root/shoot ratio of sorghum seedlings of T 2 were the highest among seven treatments.The comprehensive quality score of sorghum seedlings of seven treatments was T 2>T 4>T 5>T 6=T 7=T 3>T 1.【Conclusion】The culture substrate of the fermented Moutai-flavor liquor waste(distiller's grains and pit mud)+other materials(peat,perlite and vermiculite)can adjust physicochemical properties of the culture substrate,which was beneficial to emergence of sorghum.The 60%fermented brewing waste+40%peat treatment was the optimal substrate formula for breeding of organic sorghum seedlings from the angles of improving the utilization rate of brewing waste and ensuring the emergence rate and seedling culture effect of sorghum.