多栽培因素对宣威高端烟叶产出率与品质的影响

Effects of Multiple Cultivation Factors on Yield and Quality of High-end Tobacco Leaves in Xuanwei

【目的】为提高云南省宣威市高端烟叶的品质及其产出率,提升烟叶对高端卷烟产品的保障水平。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟100为研究材料,采用L9(3~4)正交试验,研究种植密度(行株距120 cm×60 cm、120 cm×65 cm、120 cm×70 cm)、封顶时期(扣心期、现蕾期和中心花期封顶)和留叶数(18片、20片和22片)3个栽培因素对高端烟叶产出率以及烟叶外观质量、物理结构特性和内在化学成分等品质的影响。【结果】高端烟叶产出叶位主要为第5~8片,高端烟叶产出率以J4处理(行株距120 cm×65 cm、扣心期封顶、留叶20片)最高,为2.25%;3个栽培因素中,种植密度(行株距)对高端烟叶产出率的影响最大;高端烟叶外观质量以J8(株行距120 cm×70 cm、现蕾期封顶、留叶18片)、J4和J3(株行距120 cm×60 cm、中心花期封顶、留叶22片)较高,物理结构特性以J4处理较优,化学成分协调性以J1(株行距120 cm×60 cm、扣心期封顶、留叶18片)、J4处理相对较好。【结论】在种植密度、封顶时期和留叶数3个栽培因素中,种植密度对高端烟叶产出率与品质形成的影响最大,其次是留叶数;栽培因素的最优组合为行株距120 cm×65 cm、扣心期封顶、留叶20片,其高端烟叶产出率较高,烟叶品质较好。

【Objective】The study aimed to increase the quality and yield of high-end tobacco leaves in Xuanwei of Yunnan Province and improve the guarantee level of tobacco leaves for high-end cigarette products.【Method】Taking Yunyan 100(flue-cured tobacco variety)as the test material,L9(34)orthogonal experiment was used to study the effects of three cultivation factors of planting density(plant spacing:120 cm×60 cm,120 cm×65 cm and 120 cm×70 cm),topping stage(topping at buttoning stage,topping at budding stage and topping at early blooming stage)and remained leaves(18,20 and 22)on the output rate,appearance quality,physical characteristics and internal chemical composition of high-end tobacco leaves.【Result】The position of high-end tobacco leaves was mainly the 5th-8th leaves.The output rate was the highest in J4 treatment(120 cm×65 cm of plant spacing,topping at buttoning stage and remaining 20 leaves),which was 2.25%.Among the three cultivation factors,planting density(plant spacing)had the greatest effect on the output rate of high-end tobacco leaves;The appearance quality of J8(120 cm×70 cm of plant spacing,topping at budding stage and remaining 18 leaves),J4 and J3(120 cm×60 cm of plant spacing,topping at early blooming stage and remaining 22 leaves)were higher;The physical characteristics of J4 was better,while the chemical component coordination of J1(120 cm×60 cm of plant spacing,topping at buttoning stage and remaining 18 leaves)and J4 were better.【Conclusion】Among the three factors of planting density,topping stage and remained leaves,planting density had the greatest effect on the quality and output rate of high-end tobacco,followed by remained leaves.The optimum combination of cultivation factors included 120 cm×65 cm of plant spacing,topping at buttoning stage and remaining 20 leaves,which had the higher output rate and better quality of high-end tobacco leaves.