马铃薯根际土壤酶和养分对中药渣肥配施多种类肥及菌剂的响应

Response of Rhizosphere Soil Enzymes of Potato and Nutrients to the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues Combined with Various Fertilizers and Microbial Agents

【目的】探明中药渣肥配施多种类肥及菌剂对马铃薯根际土壤酶和养分的影响,为改善陕北风沙区土壤肥力,降低化肥施用量以及实现中药渣肥料化利用提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验方法,以常规施肥为对照(M_(1)),研究复合微生物肥60 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥60 kg/667 m~2(M_(2))、农家肥60 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥60 kg/667m~2(M_(3))、复合微生物菌剂20 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥120 kg/667m~2(M_(4))和复合微生物菌剂20 kg/667m~2+复合微生物肥60 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥60 kg/667m~2(M_(5))处理马铃薯根际土壤酶活性和养分含量的变化,并进行土壤酶与养分指标间的相关性分析。【结果】在化肥减量10%(90%M_(1))前提下,中药渣肥配施复合微生物肥、农家肥及复合微生物菌剂处理可有效提高土壤酶活性,增加土壤养分含量,抑制铵态氮向硝态氮转变。与常规施肥比,复合微生物菌剂20 kg/667m~2+复合微生物肥60 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥60 kg/667m~2处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性分别显著提高24.87%、17.50%和70.58%;土壤铵态氮、速效磷和碱解氮含量分别显著增加至20.51 mg/kg、13.58 mg/kg和17.80 mg/kg,分别提高90.97%、61.47%和7.88%,有机质含量显著提高11.36%。【结论】复合微生物菌剂20 kg/667m~2+复合微生物肥60 kg/667m~2+90%M_(1)+中药渣肥60 kg/667 m~2处理可同时提高马铃薯根际土壤酶活性,改善土壤养分供应能力,是适宜陕北沙区马铃薯栽培化肥减量配施中药渣肥的较优技术方案。

【Objective】The effects of Chinese medicine residues combined with various types of fertilizers and bacterial agents on soil enzymes and nutrients in potato rhizosphere were explored,which provided reference for improving soil fertility,reducing the amount of fertilizer application and realizing the utilization of the Chinese medicine residue fertilizers in the sand areas of Northern Shaanxi.【Method】A field experiment of five treatments was carried out to investigate the changes in enzyme activity and nutrient content in potato rhizosphere soil,and to analyze the correlation between soil enzymes and nutrient indicators.The treatments included conventional fertilization(M 1)as a control,60 kg/667m 2 composite microbial fertilizer+90%M 1+60 kg/667m 2 Chinese medicine residues(M 2),60 kg/667m 2 farmyard manure+90%M 1+60 kg/667m 2 Chinese medicine residues(M 3),20 kg/667m 2 compound bacterial agent+90%M 1+120 kg/667m 2 Chinese medicine residues(M 4),and 20 kg/667m 2 compound bacterial agent+60 kg/667m 2 composite microbial fertilizer+90%M 1+60 kg/667m 2 Chinese medicine residues(M 5).【Result】On the premise of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 10%(90%M 1),the treatment of the Chinese medicine residues combined with farmyard manure,compound microbial fertilizer,microbial agent could improve soil enzyme activity,increase soil nutrient content,and inhibit the transformation of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen.Compared with M 1,the soil urease,sucrase and amylase activity of M 5 significantly increased by 24.87%,17.50%and 70.58%,respectively.The content of ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil significantly increased to 20.51 mg/kg,13.58 mg/kg,and 17.80 mg/kg respectively,and increased by 90.97%,61.47%and 7.88%respectively,and the organic matter content significantly increased by 11.36%.【Conclusion】The treatment of M 5 could simultaneously increase the enzyme activity of potato rhizosphere soil and improve soil nutrient supply capacity,which was optimal technical solution for reducing chemical fertilizer and applying Chinese medicine residue fertilizer in potato cultivation in the sandy area of Northern Shaanxi.