有机肥部分替代化肥对麦田土壤养分和细菌群落的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Partial Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community in Wheat Fields

【目的】探明不同施肥条件下土壤微生物的变化规律及其相互关系,揭示减施化肥配施有机肥对土壤理化特性与细菌群落的影响,为提高耕地土壤微生物学特性提供理论依据。【方法】采用定位试验研究鲁西北潮土区高产农田10年有机肥替代化肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系中土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响。【结果】有机肥部分替代化肥可以增加土壤有机质含量、提高土壤养分含量、增加土壤中细菌及放线菌数量。其中,有机肥部分替代化肥、秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟剂处理,土壤有机质含量较对照(CK,不施肥)增长7.88%~30.30%;土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK分别增加15.79%~37.89%、2.30%~293.14%和22.17%~35.65%;土壤细菌和放线菌数量增/减幅分别为27.44%~96.75%和-2.42%~31.21%。土壤细菌优势群落依次为酸杆菌门(37.5%~40.6%)、变形菌门(29.5%~31.9%)、绿弯菌门(9.4%~14.9%)和放线菌门(5.5%~8.7%)。【结论】有机肥部分替代化肥施用可提高土壤养分含量和改变土壤细菌群落组成。

【Objective】The change rule and mutual correlations of soil microbe were explored under different fertilization conditions to reveal the correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacteria community under the organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer condition and to provide the theoretical basis for improvement of farmland soil microbiological characteristics.【Method】The effects of organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on soil nutrients and microbe quantity of high-yield farmland with wheat-maize rotation system were studied by a located experiment in fluvo-aguic area of Northwest Shandong.【Result】The organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer pattern could increase soil organic matter content,soil nutrient content and bacteria and actinomycetes quantity.The soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium content,and bacteria and the in crease or decrease of actinomycetes quantity under the organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer and straw returning combined with straw-decomposing inoculant patterns were 7.88%-30.30%,15.79%-37.89%,2.30%-293.14%,22.17%-35.65%,27.44%-96.75%and-2.42%-31.21%respectively.The dominant communities in soil bacteria structure were Acidobacteria(37.5%-40.6%),Proteobacteria(29.5%-31.9%),Chloromyces(9.4%-14.9%)and Actinomyces(5.5%-8.7%).【Conclusion】The organic fertilizer partial substitution for chemical fertilizer pattern not only increased soil nutrient content but also changed the composition of soil bacteria communities.