庙岛群岛海域夏季东亚江豚分布与集群特征

Group size and distribution pattern of the East Asian finless porpoise in Miaodao Archipelago waters in summer

东亚江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)是国家二级保护水生野生动物,在世界自然保护联盟物种名录中被列为濒危级。在重点海域开展东亚江豚生态本底调查(如种群分布、集群特征等),对于制定濒危鲸类保护和管理措施至关重要。为此,本研究采用被动声学监测技术对夏季庙岛群岛海域东亚江豚的分布和集群特征进行了观测。研究发现,夏季东亚江豚在该水域呈不均匀分布,其分布密度整体上为从西至东降低。其中,砣矶岛至南北隍城岛一线以西区域是密度最高的水域,这一区域也是人类活动干扰程度最低的区域。此外,东亚江豚集群模式主要以小群体为主,93.55%的群体由1~2头个体组成。本研究填补了近些年庙岛群岛海域东亚江豚分布与集群特征本底信息的空白,为探究黄渤海水域东亚江豚的种群分布与集群特征、栖息地选择偏好和影响因素提供了基础数据,为东亚江豚保护政策的制订与实践提供了科学支撑。

The East Asian finless porpoise(EAFP,Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) is a Grade II nationally protected species in China,and classified as Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.Supporting effective conservation efforts for this species by updating current ecological information,such as group size and distribution patterns,in key habitats,such as the Miaodao Archipelago,is therefore important.In the present study,data on group size and spatial distribution of EAFPs in summer were collected using passive acoustic technology within Miaodao Archipelago waters.Finless porpoises were most often observed acoustically in small group size(93.55% were single or in pair) and heterogeneous distribution patterns.Generally,acoustic detection rates decreased from west to east,while the highest rates were found in the western areas of the Tuoji,Daqin and Huangcheng Islands,where human disturbance level is low.These findings improve our basic ecological understanding of the EAFPs in Miaodao Archipelago in recent years.Specifically,these new data offer insights into the distribution pattern,habitat selection,and potential impact factors of the porpoises in Bohai and Yellow Seas.