人参皂苷Rd对新生鼠脑室周围白质软化模型学习记忆的影响

The effects of Ginsenoside Rd on learning and memory of periventricular leukomalacia model in neonatal rats

目的探讨外源性神经保护剂人参皂苷Rd对新生鼠脑室周围白质软化(PVL)动物模型学习记忆功能的影响,以期为临床应用人参皂苷Rd治疗早产儿PVL学习记忆功能提供实验依据。方法2021年6月选取实验动物为2日龄新生SD大鼠120只,将选取的实验SD大鼠全部合笼后按照随机化原则分为假手术组、PVL组(对照组)和PVL人参皂苷Rd干预组(人参皂苷Rd干预组),每组40只。通过结扎左侧颈总动脉合并缺氧(8%O 2+92%N 2)半小时制备PVL动物模型,于术后4、7、14 d观察3组大鼠脑室周围白质区病理改变,出生后30 d进行Morris水迷宫实验,探索3组大鼠学习记忆能力。结果假手术组大鼠术后4、7、14 d脑室周围白质区均未见异常病理改变;对照组大鼠术后4 d脑室周围白质区组织结构明显疏松,出现细胞肿胀、坏死、核固缩等;对照组和人参皂苷Rd干预组大鼠术后7 d脑室周围白质区均有液化性坏死灶及囊腔形成,左侧脑室稍扩大。对照组大鼠术后14 d左侧脑室进一步扩大,脑室周围白质区明显的软化灶;人参皂苷Rd干预组大鼠术后4~14 d脑室周围白质病变与对照组改变相似,但各时间点脑室周围白质病理改变均明显轻于对照组。3组大鼠出生后30 d同一训练时间逃避潜伏期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组大鼠训练前3 d,训练第3、5天逃避潜伏期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组大鼠第4、5天逃避潜伏期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组大鼠在120 s内穿过圆圈的次数即穿环指数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人参皂苷Rd可减轻PVL大鼠脑室周围白质损害,改善PVL大鼠的学习记忆能力。

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous Ginsenoside Rd on the learing and memory in the brain of the neonatal periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)rat,in order to provide experimental evidence for clinical treatment of preterm infant with PVL.Methods In June 2021,A total of 1202-day-old neonatal SD rats were selected as the experimental animals.All the experimental SD rats were caged and divided into the sham operation group,the PVL group(control group)and the PVL Ginsenoside Rd intervention group(Ginsenoside Rd intervention group)according to the principle of randomization,with 40 rats in each group.The PVL animal model was prepared by ligation of the left common carotid artery combined with hypoxia(8%O 2+92%N 2)for half an hour.The pathological changes of periventricular white matter area of the rats in the three groups were observed on 4,7 and 14 days after the operation.Morris water maze experiment was conducted on 30 days after birth to explore the learning and memory ability of the rats in the three groups.Results No abnormal pathological changes were found in the white matter area of the sham operation group 4,7 and 14 days after operation.In the control group,the tissue structure of the white matter area of the rats was obviously loose 4 days after operation,with cell swelling,necrosis and nuclear shrinkage.Both the control group and the Ginsenoside Rd intervention group had liquefaction necrosis and cyst formation in the periventricular white matter area 7 days after operation,and the left ventricle was slightly enlarged.14 days after operation,the left ventricle of the control group was further enlarged,and the white matter around the ventricle was obviously softened.The changes of periventricular white matter in the Ginsenoside Rd intervention group were similar to those in the control group 4 to 14 days after operation,but the pathological changes of white matter were significantly lighter than those in the control group at each time point.At the same training time 30 days after birth,the escape latency of the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in escape latency 3 days before training,3 days after training and 5 days after training(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in escape latency between the three groups at the 4th and 5th day(P>0.05).There was statistical significance in the number of times of the three groups of rats passing through the circle within 120 s,that was the piercing index(P<0.05).Conclusion Ginsenoside Rd can reduce the damage of periventricular white matter and improve the learning and memory ability of PVL rats.